Chemical Changes Flashcards
Metal + water
Metal Hydroxide(alkali) + hydrogen
Metal + hydrochloric acid
Metal chloride + hydrogen
Metal hydroxide + nitric acid
Metal nitrate + water
Oxidation reaction is
Loosing electrons
Reduction reaction is
Gaining electrons
Redox reaction
When a reduction and oxidation reaction occur at the same time
Metal Oxide + sulfuric acid
Metal sulfate + water
acid + carbonate
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
What do acids produce in aqueous solutions
H+ ions
What do alkali produce in aqueous solutions
OH- ions
How to make Copper sulfate crystals from copper oxide
1.Put excess copper oxide into sulfuric acid in a beaker
2. Filter solution
3. Place the solution in an evaportaing basin
atop a beaker with water in which is being boiled above a bunsean burner
4. Evaporate half of liquid
5. Pour remaining liquid into dish and wait a day or 2
Difference between strong and weak acid
Strong acids fully ionise in a solution weak ones don’t
Strong H+ Cl-
Weak CH3COO- H+
How to set up an electrolysis
Place Cathode and Anode rods in electrolyte
The 2 rods are differently charged becasue they are connected to different terminals
Due to electrostatic force the negative ions go to the positive electrode and vise versa
The charges between the ions are excanged through the circuit and elements are formed at each electrode
What is an electrolyte
An ionic liquid that conducts electricity
What are electrodes made of and why
Graphite so they don’t react with ions
Rule for what is deposited at CATHODE
If the metal ions are MORE reactive than hydrogen- hydrogen is produced
If they are LESS reactive the metals are made
In what case would you use electrolysis to extract a metal
If the metal is more reactive than carbon and therefore cannot be displaced by it
When using electrolysis on aluminium oxide what should be done
Add molten cryolite to lower its boiling point
Rule for what is deposited at ANODE
If halogens are present halogens are made
If halogens aren’t present oxygen is made
How to do a titration on sodium hydroxide
- Pour 25cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution into a conical flask
- Add drops of phenolphthalein (literally just indicator) to conical flask
- Swirl flask, mixture turns pink
- Place concial flask on white tile
- Clamp a burette to a stand and fill it to 0cm3 of sulfuric acid
- Place burette over concial flask
- Open burette so acid flows out
- Add acid until indicator is colourless
- Record amount of acid added to sodium hydroxide
