Paper 2:The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change Flashcards
Example of fast and slow reaction
Fast- firework
Slow- Rusting
What is rate of reaction
How quickly a product is formed or how quickly a reactant is used up
What are successful collisions
When particles collide with enough energy for a chemical reaction to occur
Rate of reaction equations
Time
How can you measure the rate of reaction using gases
Measuring how much mass is lost in g/s of the reaction
How to measure gas
Run all gas into a gas syringe
Run all gas into water and then into a measuring cylinder
Which plateaus first a fast or slow reaction
Fast
Which factors affect the rate of reaction
Concentration
Pressure
Temperature
Catalyst
Surface area
What do catalyst do
Increase the rate of reaction by decreasing activation energy
How do catalysts work
Increase the rate of successful collisions as more particles have energy that is more than the activation energy
How does increasing pressure/ concentration work
More frequent successful collisons
How does increasing temperature work
The particles have more kinetic energy so move faster and have more frequent collisions
How does increasing surface area work
More area of the substance is exposed to the reactant particles more frequent collisions
How do you workout the rate of reaction at any point on a map
Workout gradient
When can dynamic equilibrium occur
Closed system
Reversible reaction
What is dynamic equilibrium
The forward and backwards reversible reactions occur at the same rate
Concentrations stay the same
What is the Haber process
Reacting Nitrogen and hydrogen to produce ammonia
What is Le Chatelier’s principle
The equilibrium of a reversible reaction can be changed by the conditions
What does the Haber process require
450C and 200a
Iron catalyst
What will increasing the temperature in the reversible reaction do?
Equilibrium goes to endothermic
What will increasing the pressure in the reversible reaction do?
It goes towards the sides with less molecules (moles)
What will increasing the concentration of the reactant do
Equilibrium goes to products
What will increasing the concentration of the product do
Equilibrium goes to products
What is a reversible reaction
Where the reactants can react to form the products and vise versa
