Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What are hydrocarbons

Answer 1

Compounds made of hydrogen and carbon

Question 2

What is crude oil made of a mixture of

Answer 2

Hydrocarbons

Question 3

What types of bonds do alkanes have

Answer 3

Only single bonds

Question 4

What types of bonds do alkenes have

Answer 4

Double bonds

Question 5

General formula for alkane

Answer 5

Cn Hn+2

Question 6

General formula for alkene

Answer 6

Cn Hn

Question 7

Which hydrocarbons are saturated

Answer 7

Alkanes

Question 8

Which hydrocarbon can form more bonds

Answer 8

Alkenes

Question 9

What are alkanes similarities with each other

Answer 9

Similar chemical different physical

Question 10

The longer the chain of the hydrocarbon

Answer 10

Higher melting point

Question 11

First 4 alkanes

Answer 11

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane

Question 12

Why is fractional distillation used

Answer 12

To separate hydrocarbons (crude oil)

Question 13

How does a fractionating distillation work

Answer 13

Crude oil is heated in a fractionating column by a preheater
The shorter hydrocarbon with lower boiling point go on the top

Question 14

Why do shorter chain hydrocarbons have a lower boiling point

Answer 14

Weaker intermolecular forces

Question 15

What is the order of what is deposited at the fractionating column

Answer 15

Fuel Gas
Petrol
Naphtha
Kerosine
Diesel
Fuel Oil
Residue

Question 16

Molecular formula of butane

Answer 16

C4 H10

Question 17

What is complete combustion

Answer 17

Where there is enough oxygen for something to burn

Question 18

Products of complete combustion

Answer 18

Water
Carbon dioxide

Question 19

Products of incomplete combustion

Answer 19

Water
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon particulate

Question 20

Example of thermal decomposition reaction

Answer 20

Cracking

Question 21

What is Cracking

Answer 21

Braking of large alkane into smaller alkane and alkene

Question 22

2 types of cracking

Answer 22

Catalytic
Steam

Question 23

Catalytic cracking

Answer 23

Heating hydrocarbon to 550C over catalyst like ceramic

Question 24

Steam cracking

Answer 24

Hydrocarbon to 800C

Question 25

What happens with alkanes in bromine water and why

Answer 25

Remains orange because alkanes are already saturated

Question 26

What happens with alkenes in bromine water and why

Answer 26

Turns clear as alkenes can react

Question 27

Use of poly(ethene)

Answer 27

Plastic bag

Question 28

Use of poly(propene)

Answer 28

Rope

Question 29

Use of poly(styrene)

Answer 29

Cups

Question 30

Uses of poly(vinyl acetate)

Answer 30

Glue

Question 31

Uses of poly(vinyl chlorate)

Answer 31

Pipes

Question 32

3 things that happen with more molecules in a hydrocarbon

Answer 32

Increase viscosity Increase flammability Increase boiling point

Question 33

What type of combustion do alkenes do

Answer 33

Incomplete

Question 34

What is needed when alkenes react with hydrogen and what is it called

Answer 34

Nickel catalyst Hydrogenation

Question 34

What happens when alkenes react

Answer 34

They lose their double bond

Question 34

Functional group of alkane and alkene

Answer 34

C-C C=C

Question 35

How is ethanol made

Answer 35

Fermentation

Question 36

Is fermentation anaerobic

Answer 36

Yes

Question 37

What does fermentation process require

Answer 37

Yeast, sugar Blocker to oxygen that allows carbon dioxide out 25-30C

Question 38

What happens if oxygen is allowed in fermentation process

Answer 38

Ethanoic acid Tastes like vinegar

Question 40

Propene and water formula equation

Answer 40

H H H H H H H- C - C =C + H2O ----> H- C- C -C -OH H H H H H

Question 41

What group is an alcohol

Answer 41

Hydroxyl (-OH)

Question 42

What conditions does making an alcohol need

Answer 42

300C Catalyst

Question 43

What is propene plus bromine make

Answer 43

Dibromopropene

Question 44

Uses of alcohols

Answer 44

Methanol- Chemical Feedstock Ethanol-Alcoholic drinks Propanol- Fuel Butanol- Fuels and solvents

Question 45

Sodium plus ethanol

Answer 45

Sodium Ethanoxide + hydrogen gas

Question 45

Carboxilic acid functional group

Answer 45

-COOH

Question 46

Carboxilic acids have similar

Answer 46

Chemical but different physical properties

Question 46

What does [O] mean

Answer 46

Oxidizing agent

Question 47

Alcohol plus oxdising agent

Answer 47

Carboxilic acid plus water

Question 48

Carboxilic acid plus base

Answer 48

Salt plus water

Question 49

How do you get an ester

Answer 49

Carboxilic acid heated with alcohol and acid catalyst

Question 50

Ester uses

Answer 50

Perfume

Question 51

Ethanol plus ethanoic acid

Answer 51

Ethyl Ethanate

Question 51

Ester functional group

Answer 51

-COO-

Question 52

Ethanoic acid displayed formula

Answer 52

H H- C - C = O H OH

Question 53

Why are carboxylic acids weak

Answer 53

Do not fully ionise in water

Question 54

What is addition polymerisation

Answer 54

2 or more monomers join together to form a polymer

Question 55

Addition polymerisation

Answer 55

H H H H n C = C ----> - C - C - H H H H n

Question 56

DNA means

Answer 56

Deoxyribonuclaic acid

Question 57

Example of biological monomer

Answer 57

Amino Acids

Question 58

What are the functional group of amino acid

Answer 58

NH2 amine group -COOH carboxilic acid group

Question 59

How do amino acids bond

Answer 59

Condensation polymerisation Peptide bond

Question 60

What does addition polymerisation require

Answer 60

C=C bond

Question 61

What does condensation polymerisation require

Answer 61

2 functional groups

Question 62

When condensation polymerisation with carboxilic acid and alcohol what is required

Answer 62

Diol Dicarboxilic acid

Question 63

dicarboxilic acid plus diol gives

Answer 63

Polyester plus water