USH Unit 10

Question 1

1896, Plessy challenged the Louisiana Separate Car Act, Supreme Court established the “separate but equal” doctrine

Answer 1

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Question 2

Segregation by custom and tradition

Answer 2

De Facto Segregation

Question 3

Led by judge Thurgood Marshall, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in the public schools was inherently unequal and thus unconstitutional

Answer 3

Brown vs. Board of Education (of Topeka, KS)

Question 4

Opposition to Brown vs. Board of Education, signed by 101 southern members of Congress, pledged to reverse the decision

Answer 4

Southern Manifesto

Question 5

Led by MLK, the first successful non-violent protest

Answer 5

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Question 6

Issue of school integration, Orval Faubus, governor of Arkansas, sent the national guard to prohibit nine black students from going to school, Eisenhower sent the 101st Airborne to escort the children

Answer 6

Little Rock Nine

Question 7

Four black students demanded service at a white-only Woolworth’s lunch counter, the movement quickly spread across the South

Answer 7

Sit-In Movement

Question 8

1964, goal was to help register rural southern African Americans to vote, Fannie Lou Hamer evicted and arrested after registering to vote

Answer 8

Freedom Summer

Question 9

Attempted to integrate interstate buses and facilities by having teams of black and white volunteers ride buses together south

Answer 9

Freedom Riders

Question 10

Prohibited racial discrimination in all kinds of public accomodations and employment, established the EEOC

Answer 10

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 11

Federal agency to prevent discrimination in the workplace

Answer 11

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

Question 12

The hotel’s owner refused to allow African Americans to stay at this hotel, Supreme Court ruled that the ICC gave Congress power to ban discrimination

Answer 12

Heart of Atlanta Motel vs. United States

Question 13

Abolished the poll taxes

Answer 13

24th Amendment

Question 14

March for jobs and freedom

Answer 14

March on Washington

Question 15

Voter registration campaign in Alabama, state troopers with tear gas and whips assaulted King’s demonstrators as they marched peacefully to the state capital

Answer 15

Selma March

Question 16

Outlawed literacy tests, sent federal voter registrars into several southern states

Answer 16

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Question 17

Written by MLK while in jail, acknowledged that injustice is an acceptable reason for civil disobedience

Answer 17

Letter From Birmingham Jail

Question 18

Discrimination and prejudice against people based on race or ethnicity

Answer 18

Racism

Question 19

Worst riot between white authority and black civilians, lasted six days, thirty-four people kiled, Kerner report states that racism was cause of most urban riots

Answer 19

Watts Riot

Question 20

Studied the causes of urban violence, identified white racism as culprit

Answer 20

Kerner Commission

Question 21

The mobilization of the political and economic power of African Americans, especially to compel respect for their rights and to improve their condition

Answer 21

Black Power

Question 22

A religious and political organization founder in the U.S., involved in the civil rights movement, joined by Malcom X, supported Black Nationalism

Answer 22

Nation of Islam

Question 23

Outlawed discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, or national origin when selling, renting, or financial housing

Answer 23

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Question 24

Refused to give up her spot to a white man on a bus, arrested, her story was used to challenge segregation

Answer 24

Rosa Parks

Question 25

NAACP chief counsel and African American attorney, focused on ending segregation in public schools

Answer 25

Thurgood Marshall

Question 26

Baptist minister and social rights activist, leader of the American civil rights movement

Answer 26

Martin Luther King, Jr.

Question 27

Former NAACP official and SCLC executive director, urged college students to establish the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Answer 27

Ella Baker

Question 28

Evicted from her farm after registering to vote, also arrested and beaten in jail, eventually organized the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

Answer 28

Fannie Lou Hamer

Question 29

Head of the public safety department, responded to demonstrate with force, including at the Children’s March

Answer 29

Eugene “Bull” Connor

Question 30

Alabama governor, firm segregationist, said at his inauguration “segregation now! segregation tomorrow! segregation forever!”

Answer 30

George Wallace

Question 31

Civil rights leader in Mississippi, first NAACP field secretary, focused on voter registration and boycotts, shot and killed by a segregationist in 1963

Answer 31

Medgar Evers

Question 32

A leader of SNCC, founder of “Black Power” movement, advocated the necessity for self-defense

Answer 32

Stokely Carmichael

Question 33

Brilliant black Muslim preacher who favored black separatism, assassinated in early 1965

Answer 33

Malcolm X

Question 34

Boy from Chicago who went to visit family in Mississippi, brutally tortured and killed by white men after supposedly harassing a white woman

Answer 34

Emmett Till