Usa - Socio-economic Inequalities Flashcards
What evidence is there of inequalities in Education? (8)
“Skills pay the bills” and without suck in poverty cycle
Race is major race for inequality.
Racial minority’s more likely to be suspended or expelled than a white student.
Black students are 4 times more likely to attend schools where 1 in 5 teachers aren’t at a good standard.
In preschool black kids are already discipled harsher.
Black and Hispanics are least likely to graduate with a degree whereas Asians most likely.
Less likely to value Education
What was the governments response to inequalities in Education?
No Child Left Behind (NCLB) 2001 - Bush noticed failings of minorities in public schools and set targets that had to be hit before funding was awarded.
Support - maths and English improved
Oppose - there’s became easier.
Give evidence for inequalities in health? (7)
No NHS so everyone is expected to have health insurance but a lot cannot afford. Inequalities therefore exist between rich and poor. Minority’s are more likely to report poor health. Hispanics are more likely to be in high risk jobs ( 35% of textile workers)
Native Americans have worst health
Infant death twice as likely in black infants
Key reason is lack of healthcare.
In 2013, 40 million Americans had no access to healthcare.
Government responses to health inequalities?
Obamacare 2010 - aimed to lower the cost of healthcare and heighten the quality. Reduced costs for around 32 million uninsured Americans. 16.4 new Americans got insured.
It costed the taxpayer highly and only 34% approved and now the Republicans are trying to repeal it.
Evidence of Inequalities in incomes, poverty and jobs?(5)
45 million Americans have found themselves in poverty. Whites and Asians have lowest unemployment rate and Black have the highest.
Black unemployment has been double whites for the last 50 years.
White sounding names 50% more likely to get a call back for interview.
Black and Hispanics more likely to be in poverty. Blacks due to discrimination and hispanics due to immigration.
Governments responses to inequalities in incomes, poverty and jobs?
Welfare to work - poor are expected to work themselves out of poverty
Minimum wage - Obama supported an increase of minimum wage but it was unattainable
Evidence of Inequalities in crime and justice? (4)
Black Americans are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice system.
In 2008, blacks accounted for 28.4% of all criminal arrests in the USA (they are 12% of the population)
Black Americans are most likely to murder and be murdered.
1 in 3 black men will be arrested in their lifetime compared to 1 in 17 white men.
What are th cause of inequality in the crime and justice system in the USA? (4)
Racism, poverty, gang culture and lack of good education.
Government responses to combat crime?
Obama’s policing for the 21st century task force - investigate alleged police racism/bias
Police cameras to film encounters
