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0. Unisea 2023 > USA > Flashcards

USA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the total area planted to vine in the USA?

A

Around 430,000 ha. California accounts for over 80 per cent of the wine produced, followed by New York and Washington at around 5 per cent each and Oregon at approximately 1.4 per cent.

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2
Q

What are American Viticultural Areas (AVAs)?

A

Designated grape growing regions that have unique geological and geographical features.

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3
Q

Who is in charge of approving AVA`s?

A

US Department of Treasury’s Alcohol Tobacco, Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB)

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4
Q

Name three largest wine companies in the US?

A

E. J Gallo (70m cases), The Wine Group (53m cases) and Constellation Brands (50m cases). Ten largest wine companies in the US represent more than 90 per cent of US wine sold domestically by volume.

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5
Q

What is the world’s largest selling wine brand?

A

Barefoot Cellars, made by E & J Gallo that is now the largest wine company in the world.

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6
Q

What is the total area planted to vine in California?

A

250,000 ha, comfortably the world’s 4th largest producer after Italy, France and Spain. Around two thirds of grapes grown in California are used for wine, one third are used as table grapes and raisins. The majority of grapes used for wine are black (63 per cent).

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7
Q

What are the most important varieties in Anderson Valley AVA?

A

Early-ripening Pinot Noir and Chardonnay (both sparkling and still wines), also aromatic Alsace-style white wines from Gewurztraminer, Riesling, Pinot Gris and Pinot Blanc.

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8
Q

Name three large overarching AVAs with Sonoma name in it?

A

Northern Sonoma AVA, Sonoma Coast AVA, and Sonoma Valley AVA. They allow producers to use the term ‘estate bottled’ when their vineyards and winery are spread far apart, whilst still permitting the word ‘Sonoma’ to appear on the label (rather than North Coast).

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9
Q

Napa Valley AVA and Sonoma Valley AVA are both located within what AVA?

A

North Coast AVA.

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10
Q

Name AVA`s that are found in Northern Sonoma?

A

Alexander Valley, Knights Valley, Rockpile, Chalk Hill, Russian River Valley (plus Green Valley of Russian River Valley) and Dry Creek Valley.

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11
Q

Name AVA`s that are found in Sonoma Valley?

A

Sonoma Mountain, Bennet Valley, Carneros

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12
Q

What are the most important varieties in Alexander Valley AVA?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon is the most planted variety and produces full-bodied wines with ripe flavours of blackberry, blackcurrant, dried herbs and chocolate. There are also notable plantings of Chardonnay, Merlot, Zinfandel, Petit Verdot and Malbec.

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13
Q

Name one grape for what is Russian River Valley in Sonoma famous?

A

Pinot Noir

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14
Q

Name one grape for what is Alexander Valley in Sonoma famous?

A

Cabarnet Sauvignon

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15
Q

Name one grape for what is Dry Creek Valley in Sonoma famous?

A

Zinfandel

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16
Q

What are the most important varieties in Knights Valley AVA?

A

One of the warmest areas of Sonoma County producing ripe, full-bodied Cabernet Sauvignon, the most planted grape variety in the AVA. Merlot, Syrah, Zinfandel and some Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc are also grown.

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17
Q

Name most important red and white variety in Dry Creek Valley AVA?

A

Zinfandel and Sauvignon Blanc.

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18
Q

Name most important red and white variety in Russian River Valley AVA?

A

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

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19
Q

What are the most important varieties in Sonoma Coast AVA?

A

Cool growing conditions, close to the coast, early-ripening Pinot Noir and Chardonnay dominate, producing relatively light-bodied, high acid styles of wine with medium alcohol.

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20
Q

What are the most important varieties in Carneros AVA?

A

Carneros is best known for Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, with a portion used for sparkling wine. Wine styles from both grapes can range from medium-bodied, medium alcohol, medium (+) acid and fresher fruit, to fuller-bodied, riper, higher-alcohol styles.

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21
Q

Name northern Sonoma AVAs which are located to the north and east of Healdsburg, and experience warmer Region III climates?

A

Alexander Valley, Dry Creek Valley, Rockpile, and Knights Valley,

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22
Q

Where is Geyserville located?

A

Alexander Valley AVA, famous for Zinfandels.

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23
Q

Name two Sonoma AVA`s which are known for Zinfandel?

A

Dry Creek Valley and the small Rockpile AVA are known for ripe, powerful styles of Zinfandel, aged in either American or French oak.

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24
Q

Name eight Napa Valley Floor AVAs?

A

Calistoga, St. Helena, Rutherford, Oakville, Yountville, Stags Leap District, Oak Knoll, Coombsville.

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25
Q

Name five Napa Valley Mountain AVAs?

A

Diamond Mountain District, Spring Mountain District, Howell Mountain, Mount Veeder, Atlas Peak.

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26
Q

How important is Napa Valley for California wine industry?

A

It represents 4 per cent of California’s production but 50 per cent of the retail value of all California wine sold. 18,200 ha under vine.

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27
Q

What influence have Mayacamas Mountains on Napa Valley?

A

The Mayacamas Mountains shelter the Napa valley from the cold Pacific Ocean.

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28
Q

What influence have Vaca Mountains on Napa Valley?

A

The Vaca Mountains protect Napa Valley from the hot Central Valley.

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29
Q

Describe Napa Valley Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Ripe, juicy wines with peach and tropical flavours and medium (+) acidity.

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30
Q

What are the most planted red varieties in Napa Valley?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon with smaller plantings of Merlot, Pinot Noir, Zinfandel, Petit Verdot, Malbec, Cabernet Franc, Syrah, and Petite Sirah.

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31
Q

What are the most planted white varieties in Napa Valley?

A

Chardonnay is the most planted white grape, followed by Sauvignon Blanc, and Pinot Gris.

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32
Q

What is characteristics for Napa Valley AVA`s located in the mountains?

A

Vineyards in the mountains are generally above the fog layer and hence can receive longer hours of sunlight than many of those on the valley floor. Cooling influence for these vineyards is altitude. Lower diurnal range and wines often have higher levels of tannins and acidity than those from the valley floor.

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33
Q

What is the coolest mountain Napa Valley AVA?

A

Mount Veeder AVA. Cabernet Sauvignon struggling to ripen in some years.

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34
Q

What is the warmest mountain Napa Valley AVA?

A

Howell Mountain AVA it is one of the warmest Napa AVAs, producing intensely concentrated, ripe Cabernet Sauvignon with high firm tannins.

35
Q

What are the most important varieties in Carneros AVA?

A

Carneros is best known for early-ripening Chardonnay and Pinot Noir.

36
Q

Name three Napa AVA`s that have cooler climate?

A

Carneros, Coombsville, and Oak Knoll, the fog does not burn off until well into the morning, limiting the hours of warmth and sunlight. Cabernet Sauvignon is the main grape in Coombsville and Oak Knoll, but Merlot and Chardonnay are also widely grown.

37
Q

Name four Napa AVA`s that have warmer climate?

A

Yountville AVA, Stags Leap District AVA, Oakville AVA and Rutherford AVA. Cabernet Sauvignon is the predominant grape. They have warm climates but nights are still cooled somewhat by the winds and fog from the bay.

38
Q

Name two Napa AVA`s that have warmest climate?

A

St Helena AVA and Calistoga AVA are located still further north and barely receive any cooling influence from the San Pablo Bay. The conditions are warm to hot. Cabernet Sauvignon is still widely planted, along with Merlot, but there are also plantings of Syrah, Petite Sirah and Zinfandel.

39
Q

Where is located Central Coast AVA?

A

It parallels the Pacific Ocean coastline and runs for 280 miles from San Francisco to Santa Barbara. It extends about 60 miles inland from the coast and is cooled by marine air funnelling through gaps in the coastal hills.

40
Q

What are the most important varieties in Livermore Valley AVA?

A

Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc and Zinfandel. Wines tend to have concentrated, ripe flavours and tannins, but with fresh acidity. This AVA is one of California’s oldest wine regions, Wente Vineyards.

41
Q

Name three varieties that Central Coast as a whole is most famous for?

A

Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, and Syrah

42
Q

Name regions in Central Coast from north to south?

A

San Francisco Bay area, San Benito, Monterey, Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara

43
Q

What are two main AVA`s in Santa Barbara County?

A

Santa Maria Valley and Santa Ynez Valley

44
Q

Santa Maria Valley AVA is best known for what type of wines?

A

This is top quality Pinot Noir country; also top-quality Chardonnay and even one of California’s best Syrahs. Some nice Viognier.

45
Q

What AVA from Santa Barbara County is best known for its Pinot Noir?

A

Sta. Rita Hills, black cherry, black plum, tea leaf and savoury notes combined with medium (+) to high acidity and medium (+) tannins.

46
Q

Which valley makes the best Santa Barbara Pinot Noir?

A

The Santa Ynez Valley, yet the area where it excels is restricted: 9 miles (14 kilometers) from the ocean and the valley is too cool to ripen grapes; 16 miles (26 kilometers) and it is ideal for Pinot Noir; but for every 1 mile (1.5 kilometers) farther from the ocean the grapes gain an extra degree (ABV) of ripeness, and by 20 miles (32 kilometers) from the coast, this is Cabernet country.

47
Q

Name two AVA`s located in Central Valley of California?

A

Lodi and Clarksburg

48
Q

What are the main varieties in Lodi AVA?

A

Lodi is particularly well-known for Zinfandel, with some vines over 100 years old. Styles range from medium to full-bodied, with medium to medium (+) acidity, ripe tannins and flavours of cherry, blueberry and blackberry.

49
Q

What are the most planted red varieties in Oregon?

A

Pinot Noir is by far the most planted making up 58 per cent of plantings. Other common varieties include Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Merlot.

50
Q

What are the most planted white varieties in Oregon?

A

Pinot Gris is the second most planted variety in Oregon, but plantings are decreasing in favour of Chardonnay. There is also some Riesling.

51
Q

Describe Oregon Pinot Noir?

A

The wines generally have medium (+) acidity, medium to medium (+) tannins, and often high alcohol. Flavours range from red cherry and raspberry fruit to black cherry and plum.

52
Q

What is the largest AVA in Oregon?

A

The Willamette Valley AVA with 9,600 ha are under vine, or 69 per cent of all the state’s vineyards.

53
Q

What are the most important varieties in Willamette Valley AVA (and all of the sub-AVAs)?

A

Pinot Noir is the dominant grape variety (generally making up between 60-80 per cent of the plantings), with Pinot Gris and Chardonnay also usually planted.

54
Q

What is the most well-known AVA in Willamette Valley?

A

The Dundee Hills AVA, state first PN were planted here, vineyards are at higher altitudes than the rest of Valley, helping to retain acidity. Warmer temperature because it is buffered by mountains, sheltering it from cold wet conditions, and enabling full fruit ripeness.

55
Q

Name three AVA`s that are shared between Oregon and Washington State?

A

Columbia Valley AVA, Columbia Gorge AVA, and Walla Walla Valley AVA.

56
Q

What state is the second-largest producer of premium wines in the US?

A

Washington State

57
Q

What is the name of Mountains in Washington State that block the wet Pacific weather and create dry, warm conditions?

A

The Cascade Mountains, majority of Washington vineyards and wineries are located to the east of the Cascade Mountains

58
Q

What are the top five grape varieties in Washington State?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon (26%), Merlot (18%), Chardonnay (17%), Riesling (17%) and Syrah (8%).

59
Q

What is the largest AVA in Washington?

A

Columbia Valley, covers approximately one third of Washington State and within its boundaries are 99 per cent of Washington’s vineyard plantings. It encompasses several smaller AVAs.

60
Q

What are the most important varieties in Columbia Valley AVA?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon is the most planted grape variety, followed by Merlot, Chardonnay, Riesling and Syrah.

61
Q

What is the climate in Columbia Valley AVA?

A

The climate is continental with hot summers, rapid cooling in the autumn and cold winters. Sugar accumulates rapidly in the grapes during the summer but much cooler autumn temperatures allow flavours and tannins to develop as sugar accumulation slows. High diurnal range helps to retain acidity.

62
Q

What is the annual rainfall in Columbia Valley AVA?

A

The shelter provided by the Cascade Range creates an arid desert-like area which receives around 150-250 mm of rainfall per annum.

63
Q

What is Washington’s oldest appellation?

A

The Yakima Valley AVA, it is also the largest sub-appellation in the Columbia Valley AVA, and, with over 7,600 ha under vine, it supplies one-third of the state’s production.

64
Q

What are the most important varieties in Yakima Valley AVA?

A

The most planted variety is Chardonnay, followed by Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, and Riesling.

65
Q

What are the most important varieties in Horse Heaven Hills AVA?

A

Black grapes, especially Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Syrah, comprise about 66 per cent of vines planted. Chardonnay and Riesling are the most planted white grapes.

66
Q

What are the most important varieties in Walla Walla Valley AVA?

A

The most planted are Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah, Cabernet Franc and Malbec, as well as Chardonnay, Viognier and Semillon. There is also a range of Italian, Spanish, and Rhône varieties.

67
Q

Name two most important wine regions in Canada?

A

Ontario (largest) and British Columbia,

68
Q

Who is dubbed the “father of California wine?

A

“Count” Agoston Haraszthy arrived in Sonoma in 1849, where he founded Buena Vista, one of California’s oldest commercial wineries.

69
Q

What is Napa Valley oldest winery?

A

After working for Haraszthy, Charles Krug moved in 1861 to St. Helena in Napa Valley and founded his eponymous winery—the oldest in the valley.

70
Q

What Amendment ended Prohibition?

A

The 21st Amendment, ratified in 1933 ended Prohibition.

71
Q

In which part of Sonoma Champagne house of Taittinger established its winery?

A

The Champagne house of Taittinger and the Cava producer Codorníu both set up American sparkling wine estates in Carneros in the 1980s, following the pioneering example of Gloria Ferrer.

72
Q

In which part of California Champagne house of Louis Roederer established its winery?

A

Anderson Valley in Mendocino.

73
Q

Harlan and Screaming Eagle are found in what AVA?

A

Oakville AVA

74
Q

ToKalon and Martha`s vineyards are found in what AVA?

A

Oakville AVA

75
Q

What is Col Solare?

A

Col Solare is the partnership between Marchesi Antinori and Chateau Ste. Michelle located at Red Mountain, one of the Columbia Valley’s most celebrated sub-appellations known for its Cabernet Sauvignon.

76
Q

Where is located Screaming Eagle Winery and Vineyards?

A

Oakville, 23 ha vineyard, first vintage 1992. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Cabernet Franc.

77
Q

Napanook Vineyards is called today?

A

Dominus Estate. Napanook is today name of the second wine, in the true manner of Bordeaux.

78
Q

Name most famous California cult winery known for its Rhône style blends?

A

Sine Qua Non (also known as SQN), located in Ventura County, within the Central Coast AVA. ). Sine qua non is from the Late Latin, literally “without which not.”

79
Q

Where is located Jordan Vineyard & Winery?

A

Alexander Valley in Sonoma County, where the Jordan family has been dedicated to world-class Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay.

80
Q

Which Cabernet Sauvignon beat the competition in a blind tasting in Paris in 1976?

A

Stag’s Leap Wine Cellars, do not confuse it with Stag’s Leap Winery - “the original Stag’s Leap” - established 1893, which is part of the Beringer Blass group of estates. They are two very different beasts.

81
Q

What is the name of the winery started by Randall Grahm in 1983?

A

Bonny Doon winery based in the Santa Cruz mountains was amongst the first Californian wineries to embrace Rhone varietals, giving Randall Grahm the nickname “The Rhone Ranger”.

82
Q

Screaming Eagle, Opus One, PlumpJack and Peter Michael’s Au Paradis Vineyard are found in what Napa Valley AVA?

A

Oakville

83
Q

For what style of wine is Canada famous on international stage?

A

Icewine, Canada is now the world’s largest producer.

84
Q

What are the most planted v. vinifera varieties in Ontario?

A

Riesling and Chardonnay for whites, Cabernet Franc for reds. The most planted variety is hybrid Vidal, 90% of Canadian production of Icewine is coming from Ontario.

0. Unisea 2023 (22 decks)

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