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0. Unisea 2023 > North-East Italy > Flashcards

North-East Italy Flashcards

1
Q

Name three Italian Wine Categories?

A

Wine without Geographical Indication, PGI Wines, PDO Wines

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2
Q

What is Italian name for PGI wines?

A

Indicazione Geografica Protetta (IGP); Traditional Term was Indicazione Geografica Tipica (IGT).

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3
Q

What are two categories of PDO wines in Italy?

A

Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) and Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG).

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4
Q

When was granted first DOCG?

A
  1. Brunello di Montalcino; Barolo and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano were upgraded from DOC to DOCG.
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5
Q

Name three most planted red varieties in Italy?

A

Sangiovese (most planted any colour), Montepulciano, and Merlot

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6
Q

Name three most planted white varieties in Italy?

A

Pinot Grigio, Trebbiano Toscano, and Glera

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7
Q

What appellation is the largest producer of DOCG wine in Italy?

A

Asti/Moscato d`Asti DOCG

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8
Q

What is mean Dolce regarding Italian wines?

A

Very sweet

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9
Q

What is mean Amabile regarding Italian wines?

A

Sweet but less sweet than dolce

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10
Q

What is mean Abboccato regarding Italian wines?

A

Slightly sweet or off dry style

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11
Q

What is mean Secco regarding Italian wines?

A

Dry

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12
Q

How many ha of vineyards are planted in Italy?

A

Around 700.000 ha

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13
Q

Name five the bigest wine companies in Italy?

A

Caviro (a giant cooperative operating in seven regions and processing more than 10 per cent of all Italian wine grapes), Cantine Riunite, Gruppo Italiano Vini, Santa Margherita and Zonin.

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14
Q

What is Classico mean on Italian label?

A

Wines made exclusively from grapes grown within a defined historical area of a DOC or DOCG.

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15
Q

What is Superiore mean on Italian label?

A

Wines with a higher minimum alcohol level, typically an additional 0.5% abv.

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16
Q

What is Riserva mean on Italian label?

A

Wines submitted to a certain ageing period, at least two years for red wines and one year for white wines. Some individual DOC/DOCG specify that this ageing or part of it must be in oak.

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17
Q

What is mean Frizzante regarding Italian wines?

A

Lightly sparkling

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18
Q

What is mean Passito regarding Italian wines?

A

Generic term for wine made from dried grapes (typically sweet but sometimes dry)

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19
Q

How you call late harvested grapes in Italian?

A

Vendemmia tardiva

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20
Q

What is mean Tenuta regarding Italian wines?

A

Land holding or property. Usually associated with the vineyard location or wine estate.

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21
Q

What is mean Poggio regarding Italian wines?

A

Means hill or elevated place.

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22
Q

What is mean Fattoria regarding Italian wines?

A

Wine farm

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23
Q

What is mean Azienda regarding Italian wines?

A

Company

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24
Q

How you say winery on Italian?

A

Cascina or Cantina

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25
Q

What is mean Imbottigliato all’origine regarding Italian wines?

A

Estate-bottled

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26
Q

How you say fully sparkling wine on Italian?

A

Spumante

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27
Q

How you say Vintage on Italian?

A

Vendemmia

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28
Q

How you say Vineyard on Italian?

A

Vigneto. “Vigna” refers to a single vineyard wine.

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29
Q

Name three regions in North-East Italy?

A

Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia and the Veneto

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30
Q

Name Italian region where the majority first language is German?

A

Alto-Adige, also known as Südtirol.

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31
Q

Name three local black varieties found in Trentino?

A

Teroldego (black cherry), Marzemino (red cherry) and Lagrein (ripe berry fruit), are all closely related to each other. They are all vigorous, mid- to late-ripening varieties making deeply coloured, medium tannin wines.

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32
Q

What are two most important varieties in Trentino?

A

Pinot Grigio and Chardonnay, together they represent about half of the hectares planted in Trentino. Overall, approximately 75 per cent of the vineyard area is planted with white grapes and 25 per cent with black.

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33
Q

What varieties are used for production of Trentino DOC?

A

Wide range of red and white varietal wines, over 20 are specified, classic Trentino-Alto Adige varieties and international varieties, of which Chardonnay and Pinot Noir are the most widely used. If its name as single variety wines, minimum 85 per cent of the named variety must be in wine.

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34
Q

What is the IGT title that cover whole Trentino-Alto Adige region, what grapes?

A

Vigneti delle Dolomiti IGT. Pinot Grigio and Chardonnay for whites and the local Teroldego variety for reds, alongside Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon.

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35
Q

What is Trentodoc?

A

Trentodoc is the trademarked name for bottle-fermented sparkling wine made from the classic Champagne varieties (especially Chardonnay and Pinot Noir) grown in the Trentino region of northern Italy under the DOC Trento.

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36
Q

What grape varieties are used for Trentodoc?

A

While many of the wines are 100 per cent Chardonnay, they can also include Pinot Noir, Pinot Blanc and Meunier.

37
Q

What are the most important varieties in Alto-Adige?

A

Indigenous is Schiava, and then mostly international varieties Pinot Grigio, Gewürztraminer, Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc.

38
Q

What kind of grape variety is Schiava?

A

Red grape variety typically producing a pale ruby wine with perfumed violet and strawberry aromas with a medium to light body and low tannins.

39
Q

What kind of grape variety is Friulano?

A

Formery known as Tocai Friulano, in other regions known as Sauvignon Vert or Sauvignonasse. Producing wines that have medium (-) floral and apple flavours, medium to high alcohol with medium (+) acidity.

40
Q

What kind of grape variety is Refosco?

A

Red variety with small berries that produce wines with high tannins with flavours of red cherries and herbal aromas. Most planted of the local red varieties in Friuli.

41
Q

Name two regions that are centre for the production of orange wines?

A

Small Oslavia sub-region of Collio and neighbouring Brda in Slovenia

42
Q

What are orange wines?

A

These wines are made from long maceration (8 days up to 6–8 months) on the skins of white varieties followed by long ageing (2–6 years) in large format oak barrels. Main variety is Ribolla Gialla.

43
Q

Describe orange wines?

A

Amber, orange or gold in colour, have pronounced flavours of citrus rind, marzipan and honey, muted varietal character and medium tannins.

44
Q

What are two most important DOC appellations in Friuli?

A

Collio and Collio Orientali del Friuli

45
Q

What are principal varieties in Collio and Collio Orientali del Friuli?

A

Single-variety whites made from Friulano, Ribolla Gialla, Sauvignon Blanc or Chardonnay.

46
Q

What are two most important DOC appellations in Friuli for high volume wines?

A

Grave del Friuli DOC and Friuli Isonzo DOC, everyday wines, especially Pinot Grigio and Merlot

47
Q

What are the most important red varieties in Collio DOC?

A

Bordeaux varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon; Cabernet Franc and Merlot. Similar to the red wines from Chinon and Saumur, marked by the under-ripe ‘green’ notes also found in cool-vintage red Bordeaux.

48
Q

What are Friuli two DOCG for sweet wines?

A

Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG (Picolit) and Ramandolo DOCG (Verduzzo). They are both made from air-dried grapes.

49
Q

Describe wines produced from Garganega?

A

The wines typically have high acidity levels, a medium body and medium intensity of lemon, apple/pear, white pepper and in the ripest examples stone fruit.

50
Q

What Corvina contributes to the blend?

A

It contributes violet, red cherry and red plum fruit with a herbal note and low to medium tannins and high acidity.

51
Q

What kind of grape is Corvinone?

A

It is not related to Corvina, problem with this variety is that berries do not ripen uniformly. Corvinone is a good complement to Corvina in blends as it supplies tannins, while also contributing red cherry fruit flavours. It also dries well.

52
Q

What are grape varieties for Soave DOC?

A

Minimum of 70 per cent must be Garganega, with up to 30 per cent of Trebbiano di Soave or Chardonnay.

53
Q

Name three main DOCs for dry Soave?

A

Soave DOC, Soave Classico DOC, and Soave Superiore DOCG. There is also Recioto di Soave DOCG producing sweet wines.

54
Q

What kind of wine can be produced from Rondinella?

A

It can give rather neutral wines with light, simple cherry fruit. It accumulates sugar very fast and so is useful for Recioto.

55
Q

What kind of wine can be produced from Molinara?

A

High yielding variety, declined planting due to pale colour of wines but still an important part of the Bardolino blend which can be up to 40 per cent Molinara. It contributes acidity, red-berried fruit and lightness.

56
Q

Passito wines are produced using what method?

A

Appassimento method

57
Q

What is the aim of Appassimento method?

A

Concentrating flavours, raising alcohol levels and making sweet (and today, dry) wines. Chemical changes will occur in the drying grapes, more glycerol is produced, giving a softer, fuller mouth-feel.

58
Q

Describe Appassimento method?

A

Healthy grapes are picked early (11–11.5 per cent potential alcohol) to maintain acidity and stored for 3–4 months in well-aerated drying lofts to dry, eventually loosing around one third of their weight. This loss of water leads to higher levels of sugar, potential alcohol, acidity, anthocyanins (colour), tannins and concentration of flavours.

59
Q

What are requirements for Soave Superiore DOCG?

A

Lower yields with slightly rising minimum alcohol levels.

60
Q

What is Recioto di Soave DOCG?

A

Same blend as Soave but from delimited hilly zone produced from semi-dried grapes, with low yields, producing rich, floral, honeyed, sweet wines with high balancing acidity.

61
Q

Describe Valpolicella DOC wine?

A

Wines show bright purple tints in youth and have red cherry and rose aromatics, no oak flavour, low to medium tannins and medium to medium (+) acidity. The wines are typically good quality, with some very good examples and are inexpensive to mid-priced.

62
Q

Name valley producing Valpolicella that is a separate DOC?

A

Valpolicella Valpantena DOC

63
Q

Name two appellations in Veneto where term Superiore is used as a separate DOCG?

A

Soave and Bardolino, an attempt to reposition the wine in terms of its commercial status

64
Q

What is Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG?

A

Historic, sweet (distinction from Amarone), semi-dried grape wine of Valpolicella. The grapes must be dried off the vines for 100–120 days. Very small production.

65
Q

Describe Recioto della Valpolicella wine?

A

The wines have intense red, fresh- and dried-fruit flavours, a full body, and medium (+) to high tannins. Minimum 12% abv and approximately 50g/l residual sugar.

66
Q

What is Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG?

A

Dry or just off-dry semi-dried grape wine of Valpolicella. The grapes are vinified usually after 100–120 days of drying. The minimum abv is 14 per cent but more typically 15 per cent and above, and often with 5–10 g/l residual sugar.

67
Q

Describe Amarone della Valpolicella wine?

A

The wines have intense cherry and dried fruit flavours accompanied by spice and wood notes, medium to high tannins and a high acidity, which balances the richness.

68
Q

For how long Amarone della Valpolicella must be aged?

A

The wine must be aged for a minimum of two years in large casks or barriques

69
Q

For how long Amarone della Valpolicella Riserva must be aged?

A

The wine must be aged for a minimum of four years in large casks or barriques

70
Q

What is Valpolicella Ripasso DOC?

A

Unpressed grape skins with some residual sugar are taken from the end of the fermentation phase of Amarone or Recioto and new made Valpolicella wine is then added for a second maceration to give more colour, flavour and tannins to the wine. 15 per cent of Amarone wine may also be added

71
Q

Describe Valpolicella Ripasso wine?

A

They are medium- to full-bodied with medium (+) tannins and flavours of fresh and stewed red cherries and plums.

72
Q

What are the most popular styles of Valpolicella?

A

Amarone and Ripasso. Basic Valpolicella sales declined dramaticaly while Recioto has remained a niche market

73
Q

Name three regions where grapes for Pinot Grigio delle Venezie DOC have to be grown?

A

Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Trentino. This area produces 85 per cent of all Italian-grown Pinot Grigio and more than 40 per cent of the world’s Pinot Grigio. This new DOC was introduced in 2017 replacing the Pinot Grigio delle Venezie IGP with stricter production requirements

74
Q

Describe Pinot Grigio delle Venezie DOC wine?

A

The wines typically have light to medium (-) intensity apple and lemon fruit, with light to medium (-) body, medium alcohol and medium (+) acidtity. They are typically good in quality (with some very good examples) and inexpensive to mid-priced.

75
Q

How is called rosé in Bardolino DOC?

A

Chiaretto, it is a light, fresh, red-fruited wine with a medium salmon colour.

76
Q

What kind of wine is Bardolino DOC?

A

Light bodied reds and rosé, Corvina blends with possibility to add 20 per cent of Merlot to boost the red fruit character and alcohol level.

77
Q

What kind of wine is Bianco di Custoza DOC?

A

Easy-drinking, lightly aromatic, fresh white wines made from a blend of mainly Trebbiano Toscano, Garganega, Friulano and optionally Cortese. Veneto region.

78
Q

Name neighbouring DOC that produce similar wines as Soave?

A

Gambellara DOC, also from Garganega (min 80 per cent). Recioto di Gambellara DOCG produce sweet still and sparkling from 100 per cent dried Garganega.

79
Q

What is Prosecco Spumante?

A

Fully sparkling; with a minimum 3.5 atmospheres of pressure.

80
Q

What is Prosecco Frizzante?

A

Slightly sparkling; with 1.0 up to 2.5 atmospheres of pressure).

81
Q

What is Prosecco DOC Method of Production?

A

Charmat method.

82
Q

What are two Prosecco DOCG Appellations?

A

Conegliano Valdobbiadene – Prosecco DOCG and Asolo Prosecco DOCG

83
Q

What is the main variety for Prosecco?

A

Glera

84
Q

What are the sweetness levels of Prosecco?

A

The wines range from Brut to Demi-Sec. Although there are Brut versions on the market, more common are Extra Dry (with residual sugar of 12–17 g/L) and Dry (17–32 g/L).

85
Q

Name two principal PDOs for Prosecco?

A

Prosecco DOC (huge area, basic) and Conegliano Valdobbiadene – Prosecco DOCG (historic area, producers must use either or both names of the towns of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene).

86
Q

What is Prosecco col Fondo?

A

Traditional style, lightly cloudy, bone dry wines in a frizzante style. Phrase rifermentazione in bottiglia (refermentation in the bottle) must appear on the bottle. Second fermentation is in the bottle and the wine is left undisgorged.

87
Q

What is Rive designation on label of Prosecco DOCG?

A

A local word meaning slope of a steep hill and a place name; grapes grown in one of 43 designated single communes or vineyards, picked by hand, lower yield required, vintage must be shown on the label.

88
Q

What is the name of delimited single-vineyard area in Valdobbiadene?

A

Superiore di Cartizze. It is a historic, delimited single-vineyard area of 108 hectares in Valdobbiadene, lower yield required. Highest quality grapes for Prosecco making fuller body and, normally, residual sugar above the level of Brut. The word Prosecco is not used in conjunction with Cartizze.

89
Q

What grape variety is used for Prosecco rosé?

A

Majority is Glera, 10-15 per cent Pinot Noir for colour.

0. Unisea 2023 (22 decks)

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