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U.S government final Flashcards

0
Q

One’s own influence or effectiveness on politics

A

Political efficacy

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1
Q

The set of ideas and beliefs of a group or political party.

A

Ideology

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2
Q

One who argues a broad interpretation of the provisions of the constitution particularly those granting powers to the federal government.

A

Liberal

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3
Q

Believing in the value of stablished and traditional practices in politics and society.

A

Conservative

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4
Q

People who try to persuade public officials to do those things that interest groups want them to do.

A

Lobbyist

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5
Q

Organizations specifically designed to collect money and provide financial support for political candidates.

A

Political action committee( PAC )

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6
Q

All political power resides in the people.( rule for the ppl by the ppl )

A

Popular sovereignty

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7
Q

Three basic powers that are distributed among three distinct and independent branches of gov.

A

Separation of powers

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8
Q

Three branches that are connected to each other.

A

Checks and balances

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9
Q

Government is restricted in what they may do and every individual has rights the government cannot take away

A

Limited government

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10
Q

Division of power among the central government and several regional government

A

Federalism

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11
Q

Powers that the national government and states have.

Examples are regulating banks establishing a criminal justice system

A

Concurrent powers

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12
Q

Powers enumerated or stated directly by the founding fathers in the Constitution examples are print currency, declare war and Levi and collect taxes

A

Expressed powers

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13
Q

Gives Congress the right to make laws necessary and proper to carry out all laws stated/expressed/numerated in the Constitution.

A

Elastic or necessary & proper clause

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14
Q

Group of like-minded people who meet to select the candidates they will support on an upcoming election.

A

Caucus

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15
Q

The effort to bring pressure on election officials by mobilizing voters in their own districts or states by using mail phones or visit.

A

Grass roots campaign

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16
Q

Vote made by qualified voters.

A

Popular vote

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17
Q

Special taxes demanded by the states as a condition of voting.

A

Poll taxes

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18
Q

An examination to determine whether a person meets the literacy requirements for voting.

A

Literacy test

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19
Q

The right to vote.

A

Suffrage

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20
Q

A party nominating election in which only declare party members can vote.

A

Closed primary

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21
Q

Body of fundamental laws setting out the principles structures and processes of government.

A

Constitution

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22
Q

Any one of the people that live in and vote in an area.

A

Consitituent

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23
Q

A process in which a legislative measure is referred to the state’s voters for final approval or rejection.

A

Referendum

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24
Q

Petition procedure in which voters may remove an elected official from office before the completion of his or her regular terms.

A

Recall

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25
Q

Official postponement of the execution of a sentence

A

Reprieve

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26
Q

Process in which a certain number of qualified voters sign petitions in favor of a proposed statue or constitutional amendment which then goes directly to the ballot.

A

Initiative

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27
Q

Tax placed on the sale of various commodities, paid by purchaser.

A

Sales tax

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28
Q

Annual local government tax on real State or personal property based on the tax rate.

A

Property tax

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29
Q

Tax laid on the manufacture,sale, or consumption of goods and/or the performance of services.

A

Excise tax

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30
Q

Practice of dividing a city into a number of districts and regulating the use to which properties in each of them may be put.

A

Zoning

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31
Q

To divide town, state, etc. into new political or school districts.

A

Redistricting

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32
Q

Redistribute, as in a legislative body.

A

Reapportionment

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33
Q

Political party controlling the state government draws district boundaries to gain an advantage on elections.

A

Gerrymander

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34
Q

Government action based on firm allegiance to a political party.

A

Partisanship

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35
Q

Serves in absence of Vice President, elected by senate always a leading member of Majority party.

A

President Pro tempore of the senate.

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36
Q

Most powerful leader of the house chosen by majority party at the start of each session of Congress.

A

Speaker of the house

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37
Q

Attempt to talk a bill to death.

A

Filibuster

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38
Q

Apply to everybody in their jurisdiction.

A

Public bill

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39
Q

Statement of position an issue used by the house and senate acting jointly; doesn’t have the force of law and does not require the president’s signature.

A

Concurrent resolution

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40
Q

Proposal for a law that would apply to an individual, group of individuals, or corporate family.

A

Private bill

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41
Q

Blanket pardon offered to a group of law violators.

A

Amnesty

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42
Q

Legal forgiveness for a crime.

A

Pardon

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43
Q

Refuse to sign a bill

A

Veto

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44
Q

If Congress adjourns succession within 10 days, and the president doesn’t sign the act, the measure dies.

A

Pocket veto

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45
Q

Group of people chosen from each state in Washington DC, to formally selected president and vice president.

A

Electoral college

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46
Q

Formal agreement between two or more sovereign state, president negotiates them.

A

Treaty

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47
Q

A jury of 12 to 23, selected to examine the validity of an accusation before trial.

A

Grand jury

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48
Q

The power of the court to determine the constitutionality of governmental action.

A

Judicial review

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49
Q

Legislative act that inflicts punishment without a court trial.

A

Bill of attainder

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50
Q

Jury of 12 to determine the facts and decide the issue in civil or criminal proceedings.

A

Petit jury

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51
Q

Court order which prevents unjust arrests and imprisonments.

A

Writ of habeas corpus

52
Q

Reasonable grounds, A reasonable suspicion of a crime.(4th amendment)

A

Probable cause

53
Q

An order by a higher court to send up the record in a given case for review

A

Writ of certiorari

54
Q

Formal complaint before grand jury which charges the person accused with one or more crimes.

A

Indictment

55
Q

One house

A

Unicameral

56
Q

Plan presented by delegates from Virginia at the Constitutional convention that called for a three branch government with a bicameral legislation in which each state’s membership would be determined by its population or it’s financial support towards the central government

A

Virginia plan

57
Q

Two houses

A

Bicameral

58
Q

Agreement during the Constitutional convention in which congress should be composed of a Senate, in which the states are presented equally and the house, in which representation would be based on the states’ population.

A

Connecticut plan

59
Q

What are the functions of political parties?

A

Recruiting candidates, educating the public, operating government, and dispense patronage loyal opposition and reduction of conflict.

60
Q

What influences and individuals voting behavior? List 5.

A 
personal background
loyalty to a political party
campaign issues  
voters image of a candidate
propaganda
61
Q

What are the three branches of government?

A

legislative branch, judicial branch, and executive branch

62
Q

What is the function of the legislative branch?

A

Most important branch, they have the power to make laws and frame public-policy.

63
Q

What is the function of the executive branch?

A

They have the power to execute, enforce, and administer laws.

64
Q

What is the function of the judicial branch?

A

They have the power to interpret laws, to determine their meaning, and to settle disputes that arise within the society. Judicial review.

65
Q

How are amendments added to the constitution? What are the methods of proposal and ratification?

A

Proposed:

  1. 2/3 of the vote of each house.
  2. national convention called by Congress at the request of 2/3 of the states.

Ratification:

  1. legislature( capital of state) in 3/4 of the states must ratify the amendment.
  2. Each state calls a special ratifying convention. Amendment is approved when 3/4 of these conventions approve it.
66
Q

What is the role of interest groups?

A

To influence the government, help bridge the gap between citizens and government.

67
Q

How do PACs influence elections?

A

They collect money and provide financial support for political candidates.

68
Q

What methods have been used to the nice people the right vote in this country?

A

Racism, sexism, white males without property.

69
Q

Presidents have relied on a more than treaties. Pact between the president and the head of a foreign state, or their subordinates. Don’t have to be approved by Senate.

A

Executive agreement

70
Q

Government must act fairly and in accord with established rules in all that it does.

A

Due process of law

71
Q

Second part of the constitutional guarantee of religious freedom, which guarantees to each person the right to believe whatever he or she chooses to believe in matters of religion.

A

Free exercise clause, First Amendment.

72
Q

Why did a two-party system develop in the United States?

A

because there are so many people with diversified ideas about how things should work that one party would not cover everybody’s interests.

73
Q

What is the role of the Secretary of State in Illinois?

A

In charge of all state records and official state documents, including all the official acts of the governor and Legislature.

74
Q

How are judges selected at state level?

A

Selecting: one of four ways.

  1. popular election
  2. election by the Legislature
  3. appointment by government
  4. Missouri plan.
75
Q

What is the role of the lieutenant-governor in Illinois?

A

serving as chair of the Governor’s Rural Affairs Council, the Interagency Military Base Support and Economic Development Committee, and the three Illinois River committee councils.

76
Q

What type of taxes do state and local governments collect?

A

Income, sales, and property taxes.

77
Q

What are delegated powers? List 5.

A

Powers granted to the national government from the Constitution.

  1. expressed
  2. implied
  3. inherent
  4. reserved next line
  5. concurrent
78
Q

What are reserved Powers?

A

Certain powers reserved strictly to the states.

  1. Public school system
  2. administer elections
  3. utilities
79
Q

What are the requirements to be a member of the House of Representatives ? List 3.

A
  1. 25 years old to run for Congress.
  2. Seven years a citizen.
  3. Resident of state that elects them.
80
Q

What are the requirements to be a member of the Senate? List 3.

A
  1. 30 years old.
  2. Nine years a citizen.
  3. Resident of the state that elects them.
81
Q

How many senators does each state have?

A

2

82
Q

How are senators and representatives chosen?

A

Senators are chosen equally for each state and representatives are chosen by population

83
Q

What determines how many representatives each state gets in the house?

A

Population

84
Q

How would you describe the average member of Congress?

A

Typically white, middle aged males, but slowly changing.

85
Q

What is the purpose of committees in Congress?

A

To send all similar bills to them, most bills get their most thorough consideration in these bodies.

86
Q

What is the function of the cabinet?

A

Advisory body of the president.

87
Q

How are cabinet members chosen?

A

All Cabinet members are nominated by the president and then presented to the Senate for confirmation or rejection by a simple majority.

88
Q

What are the roles of the president? List 8

A
  1. Chief of state
  2. Chief executive
  3. Chief administrator
  4. Chief diplomat
  5. Commander in chief
  6. Chief legislator
  7. Chief of Party
  8. Chief citizen
89
Q

Role of president in which he symbolizes all of the people in the nation.

A

Chief of State

90
Q

Role of president in which she/he takes care of domestic and foreign affairs.

A

Chief executive

91
Q

Role of president and which he’s the director of the executive branch.

A

Chief administrator

92
Q

Role of president in which he is the main architect of American foreign-policy information spokesperson.

A

Chief diplomat

93
Q

Role of pres. In which he’s the Leader of our nation’s Armed Forces.

A

commander in chief

94
Q

Role of pres. In which he is the Author of public policies

A

Chief legislator

95
Q

Role of president in which he is the leader of political party controlling executive branch.

A

Chief of party

96
Q

Role of the president in which he’s the representative of the people.

A

Chief citizen

97
Q

How many votes does a candidate need to win the electoral college?

A

270 of 538

98
Q

The votes are there in the electoral college?

A

538

99
Q

How long is a term of a Supreme Court Justice and a Federal District Court judge?

A

Appointed for life, will serve until they resign, retire, or die in office.

100
Q

How are judges at the federal level chosen?

A

appointed to office by the President of the United States, with the approval of the U.S. Senate.

101
Q

Why is the Supreme Court known as the High Court?

A

Because it is the final ruling on any case. No appeals, no do overs.

102
Q

What is the importance of the court case Marbury vs. Madison?

A

It establishes Judiciary Review.

103
Q

What is the importance of the court case MacCulloch vs. Maryland?

A

established the principle that the Constitution has certain “implied powers” that are not explicitly laid out but are rather “implied”.

104
Q

What types of cases to Federal District Courts handle?

A

They handle criminal and civil cases. they handle law suits, but also bankruptcy cases, criminal cases, etc.

105
Q

What type of jurisdiction do Federal District Courts have?

A

General jurisdiction

106
Q

What were the articles of Confederation?

A

League of friendship between the states. Created a structure that more closely resembled an alliance of Independent states than a government of the people. They were week.

107
Q

What branches of government were created under the articles of Confederation?

A

Legislative branch

108
Q

What were three weaknesses of the articles of confederation?

A

Congress could not regulate Trade
The Congress could not enforce its laws
Did not have power to tax

109
Q

What rights concerning the government, according to Declaration of Independence, do the people have?

A

Life, liberty and property

110
Q

Part of the fifth amendment which states that no person can be put in jeopardy of life or Lymb twice. Once a person has been tried for a crime, he or she cannot be tried again for the same crime.

A

Double Jeopardy

111
Q

What is the bill of rights?

A

First 10 amendments to the Constitution

112
Q

What rights are protected in the first amendment?

A

Freedom speech, press, religion, assembly, And petition.

113
Q

What rights are protected in the Second Amendment?

A

Citizens’ right to keep and bear arms.

114
Q

What rights are protected in the sixth amendment?

A

the right to legal counsel at all significant stages of a criminal proceeding.

115
Q

What rights are protected in the 14th amendment?

A

Equal protection for everyone

116
Q

What are the four basic characteristics of the state?

A
  1. Population
  2. Territory
  3. Sovereignty
  4. Government
117
Q

Idea that people could work for economic gain.

A

Capitalism

118
Q

Believe in one class, property held in common, no need for government.

A

Communism

119
Q

Plan presented as an alternative to the Virginia plan of the Constitutional convention that called for unicameral legislature in which each state would be equally represented.

A

New Jersey plan

120
Q

A form of government in which the executive branch is made up of the prime minister, or premier, and that official’s cabinet.

A

Parliamentary government

121
Q

A centralized government in which all government powers belong to a single, central agency.

A

Unitary government

122
Q

Form of government in which powers are divided between a central government and several local governments

A

Federal government

123
Q

A joining of several groups for a common purpose

A

Confederation

124
Q

What Right are guaranteed to a person accused of a crime?

A

You have the right to:

  • a speedy trial
  • a public trial
  • a trial by jury
  • to hire your own attorney. If you can’t afford an attorney, one can be appointed to represent you
  • to remain silent at trial
  • to post bond
  • to a plea of not guilty
125
Q

How does a parliamentary form of government differ from a presidential republic?

A

in a presidential system, the president is separate from the legislative body, but in a parliamentary system, the chief executive, such as a prime minister, is part of the legislative body, or parliament.

126
Q

Government in which the power to rule is held by a small, usually self-appointed elite.

A

Oligarchy

127
Q

Government in which a single person holds unlimited political power.

A

Autocracy

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