Ap Chem. Ch.4

Question 0

Solutions in which water is the solvent

Answer 0

Aqueous solutions

Question 1

When an ionic substance dissolves in water, the solvent pulls the individual ions from the crystals and solvates them.

Answer 1

Dissociation

Question 2

If a substance froms ions in solution, then the substance is an ________, and the solution________electricity.

Answer 2

Electrolyte

Conducts

Question 3

If a substance does not form ions in a solution, then the substance is ___________, and the solution ________electricity.

Answer 3

Nonelectrolyte

Does not conduct

Question 4

Molecular solutions do not conduct electricity but there are important exceptions. Give 2 examples:

Answer 4

1.NH3(gas) reacts with water to form NH4+(aq) and
OH-(aq)
2. HCl(gas) ionizes in water to form H3O+(aq) and
Cl-(aq)

Question 5

Compounds that ________________ are strong electrolytes.

Answer 5

Ionize completely

Question 6

Which are strong electrolytes

Answer 6

Strong acids
Strong bases
Soluble ionic compounds

Question 7

Compounds that ____________ are weak electrolytes

Answer 7

Partially ionize

Question 8

Reactions that result in the formation of an insoluble product.

Answer 8

Precipitation

Question 9

A substance with a solubility of lesss than ____mol/L is regarded as being INSOLUBLE

Answer 9

0.01

Question 10

Which substances are always soluble?

Answer 10

Sodium
Potassium
Ammonium
Nitrates

Question 11

Substances that are able to ionize in aqueous solution to increase the concentration of H+.

Answer 11

Arrhenius Acids

Question 12

Acids that ionize to form one H+ ion

Answer 12

Monoprotic acids

Question 13

Acids that ionize to form two H+ ions .

Answer 13

Diprotic acids

Question 14

Acids that ionize to form three H+ ions

Answer 14

Triprotic acids

Question 15

Know these seven strong acids

Answer 15

• hydrochloric (HCl)
• hydrobromic(HBr)
• hydroiodic(HI)
• nitric(HNO3)
• sulfuric(H2SO4)
• chloric(HClO3)
• perchloric(HClO4)

Question 16

Substances that increase concentration of OH- when dissolved in water.

Answer 16

Arrhenius bases

Question 17

Brønsted and Lowry defined arrhenius bases as proton…

Answer 17

Acceptors

Question 18

Know the 8 strong bases:

Answer 18

Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba

Question 19

Occurs when an acid and a base react to generally form a salt and water.

Answer 19

Neutralization reaction

Question 20

Any ionic compound whose cation comes from a base and anion from an acid.

Answer 20

Salt

Question 21

The net ionic equation of a strong acid – base neutralization reaction reduces the formation of what?

Answer 21

Water

Question 22

In a strong acid and weak base neutralization, the weak base ____dissociate and the net ionic equation will not simplify to only the formation of water.

Answer 22

Does not

Question 23

to acid – base reactions that are a little bit different. Acid – base reactions with gas formation.

Answer 23

1. Sulfides will form a gas and a salt(H2S(gas))

2. Carbonates and hydrogen carbonates will form a GASEOUS PRODUCT, CO2, and H2O when treated with an acid.

Question 24

Reactions that involve transfer of electrons between reactants.

Answer 24

Oxidation-Reduction or redox reactions

Question 25

when a substance loses electrons, it undergoes _____ in a redox reaction.

Answer 25

Oxidation

Question 26

When a substance games electrons, it undergoes _______in a redox reaction

Answer 26

Reduction