URT Flashcards
What is life-threatening sequelae to palatoschisis (cleft palate)
inability to suckle & aspiration pneumonia
What lesions are associated with brachycephalic airway syndrome?
stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, everted laryngeal saccules &hypoplastic/collapsed trachea
What are gross changes in tracheal collapse?
dorsoventral narrowing of trachea & widened dorsal tracheal membrane (misshapen/shallow rings)
What are the causative agents for Kennel cough?
Canine adenovirus 2, canine parainfluenza virus, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Mycoplasma cynos
Effects of nasal aspergillosis
mucoid nasal discharge, hemorrhage, lysis & destruction of nasal turbinate
Feline herpesvirus1 signs
rhinitis, conjunctivitis, dendritic corneal ulcers ~ oral ulcerations are rare!
Feline calicivirus signs
necrotizing bronchiolitis & brochointerstitial pneumonia
virulent systemic feline calcivirus
causes tissue edema, interstitial pneumonia, pancreatic/ fat/ intestinal crypt necrosis~ rare & rapidly fatal
How does cryptococcus evade the immune system?
thick polysaccharide capsule & melanin production (allows for immune system evasion)
What are common agents affiliated with cryptococcosis?
Cryptococcus neoformans & C. gatti
What are the complicated forms of Strangles?
i. Bastard strangles- disseminated disease involving metastatic abscesses (liver, brain & joints)
ii. Myocarditis
iii. Necrotizing pneumonia
iv. Purpura hemorrhagica
Typical lesions in Strangles?
suppurative rhinitis/lymphadenitis & guttural pouch empyema
Equine influenza (strain & signs)
a. Current strain: H3N8
b. Signs: fever, severe cough, mucopurulent discharge
Necrotic laryngitis- gross changes
causes necrosis, ulceration & inflammation of laryngeal mucosa
Atrophic rhinitis lesions
chronic inflammation and atrophy of nasal turbinate
agents:
Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida
Sheep nasal bot fly
a. Flies deposits larva in nostrils (nasal cavity & sinus) causes chronic, erosive & mucopurulent rhinitis/sinusitis
b. Affecting goats & dogs
Feline nasopharyngeal polyps
a. Tissue origins arise from nasal mucosa, pharyngeal mucosa, or mucosa of middle ear/auditory tube
b. Typical behavior- inflamed & non-neoplastic
Progressive ethmoid hematomas- gross feature
unilateral hemorrhagic submucosal masses
Progressive ethmoid hematomas- clinical features
occurs in older horses, progressive & continues to enlarge extending past external nares
Nasal carcinoma- behavioral pattern
i. locally aggressive, destructive & can infiltrate the cribriform plate & invade cranial vault- in dog & cats
nasal neuroendocrine carcinoma- behavioral pattern
i. similar to nasal carcinoma, with higher propensity to invade cribriform plate & brain- in dogs & horses
olfactory neuroblastoma- behavioral pattern
i. nasal carcinoma, with higher propensity to invade cribriform plate & brain- rare but occur in cats & dogs
Tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma
a. Expected behavior pattern: onset of 10 years with predisposed GSD arising from tonsillar crypt epithelium –> Locally aggressive
b. Higher metastatic rate compared to SCC
“standard” squamous cell carcinoma
a. Expected behavior pattern: arise from stratified squamous epithelium (URT mucosa), that is locally aggressive/ invasive with a lower metastatic potential.
