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Internal Medicine > Urology/Renal > Flashcards

Urology/Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Hesitation, dribbling, straining, nocturnal urination, incomplete emptying

A

BPH

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2
Q

Ascending infxn - gram neg rods
UA: pyuria
Swollen, tender prostate

A

Bacterial prostatitis

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3
Q

Bacterial prostatitis tx

A

Abx (culture 1 wk after abx)

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4
Q

Why avoid vigorous prostate exam for bacterial prostatitis?

A

Can cause sepsis

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5
Q

Causes of resp acidosis? (acute vs. chronic)

A

Chronic: COPD
Acute: narcotics, benzos, alcohol, barbiturates

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6
Q

Causes of resp alkalosis?

A

Anxiety, PE, salicylates, cirrhosis/ascites

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7
Q

Metabolic compensation is (fast/slow)

Respiratory compensation is (fast/slow)

A

Metabolic compensation: slow

Respiratory compensation: fast

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8
Q

Causes of WAGMA

A

MUDPILES

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9
Q 
Causes of WAGMA:
\+ Blindness?
\+ Kidney problems?
\+ Calcium oxalate crystals?
\+ Hearing prob/tinnitus?
A

Methanol: blindness
Uremia: kidney problems
Ethylene glycol: calcium oxalate crystals
Salicylate OD in elderly: hearing prob/tinnitus

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10
Q

How to calculate anion gap

A

AG = Na - (bicarb + Cl)

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11
Q

Causes of NAGMA

A

Diarrhea

Renal tubular acidosis

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12
Q

Peaked T waves, long PR

A

Hyperkalemia

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13
Q

Hyperkalemia tx

A

C BIG K Drop A (lot)

  • Calcium
  • Bicarb
  • Isulin
  • Glucose
  • Kayexalate
  • Diuretics
  • Albuterol
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14
Q

Causes of ARF (pre, renal, post)

A

Pre: NSAID, hypoTN, ACEI/ARB
Renal: GN, ATN
Post: obstructive

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15
Q

Stages of CKD (GFR)

A

1: GFR >90
2: 60-90
3: 30-60
4: 15-30
5: <15

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16
Q

CKD stages 1-4 tx

A

ACEI, diuretic, BP control, glycemic control

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17
Q

Indications for dialysis

A

AEIOU

  • Acidosis
  • Electrolytes
  • Intoxication
  • Overload
  • Uremia
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18
Q

Hematuria, RBC casts, azotemia, cola urine, HTN, some proteinuria

A

Nephritic syndrome

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19
Q

Nephritic syndrome tx

A

Fluid restriction

May need diuretics, dialysis, steroids

20
Q

Hematuria following URI

A

IgA nephropathy

21
Q

Lungs and kidneys (nephritic syndrome)

A

Goodpasture’s

22
Q

Proteinuria (>3.5 g), HLD, edema, HTN, azotemia

A

Nephrotic syndrome

23
Q

Nephrotic syndrome tx

A

ACEI, diuretics, fluid restriction, statin, steroids

24
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

Enlarged glomeruli, thickened capillaries

A

Membranous nephropathy

25
Q

Nephrotic syndrome
Sclerosis in some glomeruli, others appear normal
HIV, heroin

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

26
Q

Nephrotic syndrome
Normal biopsy appearance
Kids

A

Minimal change dz

27
Q

Patchy, irregular interstitial infiltration with inflam cells

A

ATN

28
Q

Irritative sx: freq, urgency, dysuria

A

UTI

29
Q

UTI 1st line tx

A

Bactrim

30
Q

Signs of UTI on UA

A

+ nitrites
+ leukocytes
+ bacteria

31
Q

Unilateral colicky flank pain

A

Nephrolithiasis

32
Q

Kidney stone tx

What size is likely to pass spontaneously?

A

<5 mm: likely to pass

>5 mm: less likely - lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, nephrostomy

33
Q

Triple struvite (Mg, ammonium, phosphate)
Proteus
Increased urine pH (ammonia)

A

Staghorn calculi

34
Q

Palpable nodular kidney

Causes kidney failure

A

Polycystic kidney dz

35
Q

Causes of unilateral vs. bilateral hydronephrosis

A

Bilateral: BPH
Unilateral: ureter obstruction

36
Q

ED tx

A

PDE-5 inhibitor (sildenafil, tadalafil)

37
Q

Swollen testicle

Transilluminates

A

Hydrocele

38
Q

Bag of worms

Does not transilluminate

A

Varicocele

39
Q

Which side is varicocele more likely? Why?

A

Usually on left, testicular joins renal vein at right angle

40
Q

Absent cremaster reflex

Blue dot sign

A

Testicular torsion

41
Q

Positive Prehn sign

A

Epididymitis

42
Q

Epididymitis causes in young vs. old

A

Young: chlamydia, gonorrhea
Older: e. coli

43
Q

Painless hematuria

A

Bladder cancer

44
Q

Triad: hematuria + flank pain + palpable mass (only seen in 10%)

A

Renal cell carcinoma

45
Q

Uncontrolled HTN + pulm edema + worsening renal fxn

A

Renal artery stenosis

46
Q

Resting tachy + orthostatic hypoTN

A

Hypovolemia (dehydration)

Internal Medicine (10 decks)

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