Infectious Disease

Question 1

What is happening during the stages of HIV and how long is each stage?

• Exposure
• Acute
• Asymptomatic
• Symptomatic
• AIDS

Answer 1

Exposure: exposure to antibody development (~25 days)
Acute: nonspecific sx (2-6 wks after exposed, last 2-4 wks)
Asymptomatic: up to 10-11 yrs, may not know they are infected
Symptomatic: ↑ infxns (including opportunistic)
AIDS: CD4 count <200, high risk for opportunistic infxn

Question 2

RF for this infxn: immunocomp, abx use, stress

Answer 2

Candidiasis

Question 3

Candidiasis tx

Answer 3

Fluconazole, itraconazole, ampho B

Question 4

Encapsulated budding yeast

Pneumonitis

Answer 4

Cryptococcus

Question 5

Cryptococcus tx

Answer 5

Amphotericin B

Question 6

Asympt unless disseminated (fatal in 6 wks)

Fungal infxn

Answer 6

Histoplasmosis

Question 7

Sx don’t match CXR (diffuse infiltrates)

HIV pts

Answer 7

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP)

Question 8

PJP tx

Answer 8

Bactrim +/- steroids

Question 9

Floppy baby
Descending paralysis (relaxation of body) - no AMS

Answer 9

Botulism

Question 10

Adult vs. babies botulism tx

Answer 10

Adults: antitoxin
Babies: immune globulin

Question 11

Most common US STI

Answer 11

Chlamydia

Question 12

Chlamydia tx

Answer 12

1 g PO azithromycin

Question 13

Can become disseminated (unilateral arthritis)

Answer 13

Gonorrhea

Question 14

Gonorrhea tx

Answer 14

Azithro + ceftriaxone

1 g PO) (250 mg IM

Question 15

Rice water stools

Travel, contaminated water

Answer 15

Cholera

Question 16

Cholera tx

Answer 16

Fluid replacement

Question 17

Sore throat w/ grey membranes

Answer 17

Diphtheria

Question 18

Diphtheria tx

Answer 18

Antitoxin + penicillin

Question 19

Carried by chickens and reptiles

Answer 19

Salmonella

Question 20

Daycares

Dysentery

Answer 20

Shigella

Question 21

Shigella tx

Answer 21

Fluid replacement, bactrim

Question 22

What do you want to avoid when treating shigella?

Answer 22

Avoid anti-diarrhea (toxin needs to be expelled)

Question 23

Multi-system: neuro, pneumonia, GI

Droplets from air conditioning

Answer 23

Legionnaires dz

Question 24

Tetany, trismus, top down (descending)
No tests (clinical)

Answer 24

Tetanus

Question 25

Tetanus tx

Answer 25

Tetanus toxoid + Tetanus immune globulin

Question 26

NO fever, severe cough, sore throat, malaise

Answer 26

Pertussis

Question 27

Pertussis tx and why?

Answer 27

Erythromycin (prevent transmission)

Question 28

Drenching night sweats + cough + fever

Answer 28

TB

Question 29

TB tx

Answer 29

RIPE for 2 months, RI for 4 more

Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol

Question 30

Elevated eosinophils is indicative of what infxn

Answer 30

Parasitic

Question 31

Worms tx

Answer 31

Mebendazole, albendazole

Question 32

Bull’s eye rash

Answer 32

Lyme dz

Question 33

Dog tick, wood tick

Answer 33

RMSF

Question 34

Lyme tx

Answer 34

Doxy

Question 35

RMSF tx

Answer 35

Doxy

Question 36

Chancre → rash on palms/soles

Answer 36

Syphilis

Question 37

Syphilis tx

Answer 37

Penicillin

Question 38

Fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly

Answer 38

EBV

Question 39

EBV tx

Answer 39

Antipyretics, anti-inflammatories

Steroids if airway obstruction

Question 40

HSV 1 vs 2

Answer 40

1: oral
2: sexual

Question 41

Where is HSV 1 vs 2 dormant?

Answer 41

1: dormant in trigeminal nerve
2: dormant in sacral root ganglia

Question 42

HSV tx

Answer 42

Acyclovir, valacyclovir

Question 43

Negri bodies
Fatal within 7 days
DO NOT SUTURE

Answer 43

Rabies

Question 44

Rabies post-exposure tx

Answer 44

Immunoglobulin + vaccine

Question 45

Dewdrop on rose petal

Papules, vesicles, crusts - all at same time (diff stages)

Answer 45

Varicella zoster