Urology Flashcards
What is associated with pigment renal stones?
Bilirubin ⬆️ due to Haemolysis eg sickle cell disease and liver diesease
What causes renal vein thrombosis?
Nephrotic syndrome Cancer (RCC) Hypercoagulable state Renal transplant Bechets syndrome Antiphospholipid syndrome Blunt trauma
What’s the gold standard for renal vein thrombosis diagnosis?
CT angiography
MRA
What is balanitis xerotica obliterans associated with
Causes Phimosis
Causes infections
Causes squamous cell carcinoma
Similar process to lichen sclerosis in women
What’s the incision for renal transplant called?
Rutherford Morrison - good access to the iliac vessels.
External iliac artery and vein are the sites for anastomosis with the new kidney and it’s renal artery and vein.
Ureter is attached directly to the bladder.
Which age group get testicular torsion?
Young men >20
Which age group gets epididymo-orchitis?
30+
See raised inflammatory markers
Treatment for mild prostate enlargement which is symptomatic but PSA is normal?
Tamsulosin (a1 blocker)
Treatment for prostate enlargement which is symptomatic or PSA is >1.5 ?
Tamsulosin PLUS finesteride (5a reductase) might take 6 months to start working
When to biopsy the prostate?
Suspicious DRE or PSA >4
Contraindications for prostate biopsy?
Surgical removal of rectum, or rectal fisutula
Most discriminatory investigation for renal colic?
Non contrast CT
In renal stones if lithotripsy fails what is tried next?
Endoscopic retrograde laser vaporisation of the stone
For stones up to 3.5cm
Raised BHCG and raised LDH in testicular tumour… what type of tumour?
Germ cell tumour - pure seminoma
Raised BHCG and raised AFP levels … which testicular tumour?
Non-seminomatous germ cell tumour
Or teratoma
