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Step 2/Level 2 > Urology > Flashcards

Urology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the treatment for uric acid stones?

A

-alkalinize the urine with potassium citrate or bicarbonate

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2
Q

Which stones are radiolucent?

A

Uric acid stones (U=unseen)

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3
Q

Best imaging for kidney stones?

A

CT abd without contrast

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4
Q

What is the most common site for renal stone impaction?

A

ureterovesicular junction

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5
Q

Tx of uncomplicated cystitis?

A
  • Nitrofurantoin x 5 days
  • Bactrim x 3 days
  • fosfomycin x 1
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6
Q

Tx for urethritis in men?

A
  • Ceftriaxone IM x 1

- Doxycycline or Azithromycin PO

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7
Q

Risk for bladder cancer?

A
  • Smoking!

- Schistosomiasis (squamous cell cancer)

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8
Q

Which side varicocele is more common? What should be suspected in a patient with the uncommon sided varicocele?

A
  • Left is more common

- Right sided varicocele may indicate a renal cell carcinoma.

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9
Q

What can a hydrocele result from?

A

A patent processus vaginalis

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10
Q

What is the likely cause of epididymitis in a patient older than 35 yo or with a h/o anal intercourse? Tx?

A
  • Enterobacteriaceae

- FQ x10-14 days

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11
Q

What is the likely cause of epididymitis in people

A
  • GC/chlamydia

- IM ceftriaxone and doxycycline

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12
Q

How quickly does testicular torsion need to be addressed?

A

6 hours

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13
Q

Which testicular cancer is associated with an elevated beta-HCG?

A

Choriocarcinoma

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14
Q

Which testicular cancer is associated with an elevated alpha fetoprotein?

A

Yolk sac (nonseminomatous)

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15
Q

Which testicular cancer is associated with an elevated estrogen?

A

Stromal (Leydig, servoli, granulosa)

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

E. coli

17
Q

What is the treatment for chronic pelvic pain syndrome/chronic prostatitis?

A
  • alpha blockers

- ABX (Cipro) x 6 weeks can help

18
Q

What is the treatment for BPH?

A
  • 1st line: alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists (tamsulosin)
  • 2: 5alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride)
  • PDE5 inhibitor (tadalafil can help too)
19
Q

Tx of acute bacterial prostatitis?

A

-Bactrim or FQ

20
Q

What medication can be given to a patient with metastatic prostate cancer?

A

GnRH analog (leuprolide or goserelin)

21
Q

Which types of HPV cause cancers?

A

16 and 18 (most commonly)

6 and 11 cause genital warts

22
Q

Multiple vesicles on an erythematous base?

A

HSV

23
Q

What are the 3 main findings associated with tertiary syphilis?

A
  • Tabes dorsalis
  • Argyll-Robertson pupil
  • General paresis (progressive dementia)
24
Q

Which cardiovascular problems can be associated with tertiary syphilis?

A
  • Aneurysms of the ascending aorta

- aortic valve insufficiency

25
Q

How can syphilis be diagnosed?

A
  • screening: RPR and VDRL (not specific)
  • Confirmatory: FTA-ABS, MHA-TP
  • can sometimes see on dark-field microscopy or direct fluorescent antibody (DFA)
26
Q

How does the treatment differ for primary, secondary, early tertiary, late syphilis and neurosyphilis?

A
  • all get PCNG
  • 1, 2, early 3: PCN G x1
  • Late 3: 3 x weekly PCN G IM
  • Neurosyphilis: PCN G IV x 10-14 days
27
Q

Erythematous papule –> pustule –> painful ulcer with a purulent base with painful inguinal LAD? Bug?

A

Chancroid (Haemophilis ducreyi)
-Tx: ceftriaxone or Azithromycin
(gram stain shows “school of fish” pattern)

28
Q

Painless dick ulcer –> resolves spontaneously –> unilateral inguinal LAD with bubo formation and “groove sign” (LAD above and below inguinal ligament)? Bug?

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum (C. trachomatis L1-L3)

29
Q

Tx of lymphogramuloma venereum?

A

-doxycycline

30
Q

Painless nodule(s) –> shallow, painless ulcer(s) with a beefy-red base?

A

Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)

31
Q

Tx of donovanosis?

A

Azithromycin

32
Q

Gram - rods in a “school of fish” pattern?

A

chancroid (H. ducreyi)

Step 2/Level 2 (18 decks)

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