Urology

Question 1

urethral injury

Answer 1

Hx of pelvic fracture
Urinary retention, blood at the urethral meatus and a high riding prostate on digital rectal examination
Tx= suprapubic catheter

Question 2

complications of radical prostatectomy

Answer 2

incontinence, erectile dysfunction and urethral stenosis

Question 3

muddy brown casts

Answer 3

ATN

Question 4

non-seminoma germ cell testicular cancer tumour markers

Answer 4

AFP, HCG

Question 5

seminoma germ cell testicular cancer tumour markers

Answer 5

HCG

Question 6

Hydrocele investigation

Answer 6

Testicular USS to rule out testicular cancer

Question 7

symptomatic renal cell carcinoma stage? and Tx

Answer 7

stage 4
pembrolizumab and axitinib

Question 8

complications of TURP

Answer 8

T urp syndrome
U rethral stricture/UTI
R etrograde ejaculation
P erforation of the prostate

Question 9

TURP syndrome

Answer 9

1. Hyponatraemia: dilutional
2. Fluid overload
3. Glycine toxicity

Question 10

‘small dribbles of urine’ passing when he does not want them to + Hx of gonorrohoea

Answer 10

urinary stricture

Question 11

Low pressure chronic urinary retention

Answer 11

painless distended bladder, but no associated hydronephrosis or renal impairment.

Question 12

High pressure chronic urinary retention

Answer 12

renal function is impaired or if there is hydronephrosis

Question 13

most common organic cause of ED

Answer 13

vascular:

cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and major pelvic surgery.

Question 14

BPH managed w tamsulosin and finasteride, ongoing urinating issues

Answer 14

add anti-muscarinic for overactive bladder e.g. oxybutynin, tolterodine

Question 15

decompression haematuria

Answer 15

following catheterisation for chronic urinary retention
does not require further treatment if haemodynamically stable

Question 16

hydronephrosis investigation

Answer 16

USS of renal tract

Question 17

prostatitis Tx

Answer 17

quinolone for 14 days
e.g. ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin

Question 18

partial vs radical nephrectomy

Answer 18

T1–> partial
T2 (>7cm)–> radical

Question 19

Periureteric fat stranding may indicate

Answer 19

recent stone passage

Question 20

first management in hydronephrosis

Answer 20

remove obstruction and drainage of urine (catheter)

Question 21

renal colic- analgesia if NSAIDs contraindicated

Answer 21

IV paracetamol

Question 22

A pelvic fracture and highly displaced prostate

Answer 22

membranous urethral rupture

Question 23

A pelvic fracture and lower abdominal peritonism

Answer 23

bladder rupture

Question 24

radiolucent stones

Answer 24

uric acid

Question 24

cannot 'get above' the swelling on examination.

Answer 24

inguinal hernia

Question 25

prostate cancer- most common type

Answer 25

adenocarcinoma

Question 26

prevention of calcium stones

Answer 26

potassium citrate

Question 27

drug causes of ED

Answer 27

SSRIs and beta blockers

Question 28

complications of radiotherapy for prostate cancer

Answer 28

bladder, colon, and rectal cancer proctitis

Question 29

muddy brown casts in the urine

Answer 29

ATN