Urology

Question 1

urethral injury

Answer 1

Hx of pelvic fracture
Urinary retention, blood at the urethral meatus and a high riding prostate on digital rectal examination

Question 2

complications of radical prostatectomy

Answer 2

incontinence, erectile dysfunction and urethral stenosis

Question 3

muddy brown casts

Answer 3

ATN

Question 4

non-seminoma germ cell testicular cancer tumour markers

Answer 4

AFP, HCG

Question 5

seminoma germ cell testicular cancer tumour markers

Answer 5

HCG

Question 6

Hydrocele investigation

Answer 6

Testicular USS to rule out testicular cancer

Question 7

symptomatic renal cell carcinoma stage? and Tx

Answer 7

stage 4
pembrolizumab and axitinib

Question 8

complications of TURP

Answer 8

T ur syndrome
U rethral stricture/UTI
R etrograde ejaculation
P erforation of the prostate

Question 9

TURP syndrome

Answer 9

1. Hyponatraemia: dilutional
2. Fluid overload
3. Glycine toxicity

Question 10

‘small dribbles of urine’ passing when he does not want them to + Hx of gonorrohoea

Answer 10

urinary stricture

Question 11

Low pressure chronic urinary retention

Answer 11

painless distended bladder, but no associated hydronephrosis or renal impairment.

Question 12

High pressure chronic urinary retention

Answer 12

renal function is impaired or if there is hydronephrosis

Question 13

most common organic cause of ED

Answer 13

vascular:

cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and major pelvic surgery.

Question 14

BPH managed w tamsulosin and finasteride, ongoing urinating issues

Answer 14

add anti-muscarinic for overactive bladder e.g. oxybutynin, tolterodine