MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Open fractures Tx

A

immediate wound debridement and application of external spanning device

definitive surgical fixation delayed until soft tissues have recovered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Osteomyelitis most common affected area in children vs adults

A

children= metaphysis
adults= epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most common site of metatarsal stress fractures

A

2nd metatarsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acromioclavicular joint injury management

A

Grade 1-2: managed conservatively including resting the joint using a sling.

Grade 4,5,6: surgical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

iliopsoas abscess

A

Patient in the supine position with the knee flexed and the hip mildly externally rotated

fever, back pain, limp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Galeazzi fracture

A

dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint with an associated fracture of the radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Monteggia fracture

A

dislocation of the proximal radioulnar joint in association with an ulnar fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Compartment syndrome is most commonly associated with

A

supracondylar and tibial shaft fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Children and young people with unexplained bone swelling or pain:

A

consider very urgent direct access X-ray to assess for bone sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

osteomyelitis and SCA

A

salmonella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anterior vs posterior shoulder dislocation association

A

Anterior= FOOSH
posterior= seizures and electric shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dupytren’s contracture causes

A

manual labour
phenytoin treatment
alcoholic liver disease
diabetes mellitus
trauma to the hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Salter Harris - paediatric fractures

A

SALTR

I: Slipped (either side of the growth plate slipping past each other)
II: Above growth plate
III: Lower than growth plate
IV: Through (fracture through both above and below the growth plate)
V: Rammed (a crush injury)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Meralgia paraesthesia RF

A

Obesity
Pregnancy
Tense ascites
Trauma
iatrogenic -
various sports
idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fat embolism presentation

A

Respiratory
Neurological
Petechial rash (tends to occur after the first 2 symptoms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Avascular necrosis of femoral head XR findings:

A

osteopenia and microfractures may be seen early on

collapse of the articular surface may result in the crescent sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Subluxation of radial head:
signs
Tx

A

Signs include elbow pain and limited supination and extension of the elbow.

analgesia and passively supination of the elbow joint whilst the elbow is flexed to 90 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

5th metatarsal fractures often follow

A

forced inversion of the foot and ankle

19
Q

Acetabular labral tears

A

hip/groin pain
snapping sensation around hip
there may occasionally be the sensation of locking

20
Q

avascular necrosis RF

A

long-term steroid use
chemotherapy
alcohol excess
trauma

21
Q

Leriche syndrome

A
  1. Claudication of the buttocks and thighs
  2. Atrophy of the musculature of the legs
  3. Impotence (due to paralysis of the L1 nerve)
22
Q

Psoas abscess Ix

A

CT abdomen

23
Q

low back pain initial analgesia

A

oral NSAIDs

24
Q

L5 radiculopathy

A

Weakness of hip abduction and foot drop
no specific reflex lost
Sensory loss dorsum of foot
Positive sciatic nerve stretch test

25
S1 radiculopathy
Sensory loss posterolateral aspect of leg and lateral aspect of foot Weakness in plantar flexion of foot Reduced ankle reflex Positive sciatic nerve stretch test
26
L4 radiculopathy
Sensory loss anterior aspect of knee and medial malleolus Weak knee extension and hip adduction Reduced knee reflex Positive femoral stretch test
27
L3 radiculopathy
Sensory loss over anterior thigh Weak hip flexion, knee extension and hip adduction Reduced knee reflex Positive femoral stretch test
28
dislocated patella
A patella dislocation is a common cause of haemarthrosis and many will spontaneously reduce when the leg is straightened.
29
Posterior hip dislocations presentation
shortened and internally rotated leg
30
Buckle fracture
Incomplete cortical disruption resulting in periosteal haematoma only
31
Greenstick fracture
Unilateral cortical breach only
32
Complications of total hip replacement
perioperative: venous thromboembolism intraoperative fracture nerve injury surgical site infection leg length discrepancy posterior dislocation asceptic loosening of joint (most common cause of revision) prosthetic joint infection
33
femoral nerve injury
Weakness in knee extension, loss of the patella reflex, numbness of the thigh
34
sciatic nerve injury
Weakness in knee flexion and foot movements, pain and numbness from gluteal region to ankle
35
displaced hip fracture Tx
Hemiarthroplasty or total hip replacement
36
A hemiarthroplasty is favoured over a total hip replacement if
frail, with a background of chronic health problems no history of hip osteoarthritis
37
spinal stenosis Ix
MRI
38
lower back pain red flags
age < 20 years or > 50 years history of previous malignancy night pain history of trauma systemically unwell e.g. weight loss, fever
39
clubfoot
Inverted + plantar flexed foot which is not passively correctable.
40
If evidence of neuromuscular compromise (prolonged CRT, paraesthesia, reduced sensation)
immediate reduction / stabilisation instead of XR
41
anterior shoulder dislocation presentation
external rotation and abduction of the upper limb. Axillary nerve palsy can also occur --> weak deltoid muscle and sensory loss over the badge patch area.
42
most common cause of heel pain in adults
plantar fasciitis worse on tip toes
43
The nerve most likely to be injured during knee arthroplasty
common peroneal nerve--> foot drop
44
subtrochanteric vs intertrochanteric fracture Tx
subtrochanteric= intramedullary nail intertrochanteric= dynamic hip screw