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Passmed wrong > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Open fractures Tx

A

immediate wound debridement and application of external spanning device

definitive surgical fixation delayed until soft tissues have recovered

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2
Q

Osteomyelitis most common affected area in children vs adults

A

children= metaphysis
adults= epiphysis

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3
Q

Most common site of metatarsal stress fractures

A

2nd metatarsal

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4
Q

Acromioclavicular joint injury management

A

Grade 1-2: managed conservatively including resting the joint using a sling.

Grade 4,5,6: surgical

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5
Q

iliopsoas abscess

A

Patient in the supine position with the knee flexed and the hip mildly externally rotated

fever, back pain, limp

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6
Q

Galeazzi fracture

A

dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint with an associated fracture of the radius

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7
Q

Monteggia fracture

A

dislocation of the proximal radioulnar joint in association with an ulnar fracture

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8
Q

Compartment syndrome is most commonly associated with

A

supracondylar and tibial shaft fractures

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9
Q

Children and young people with unexplained bone swelling or pain:

A

consider very urgent direct access X-ray to assess for bone sarcoma

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10
Q

osteomyelitis and SCA

A

salmonella

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11
Q

Anterior vs posterior shoulder dislocation association

A

Anterior= FOOSH
posterior= seizures and electric shock

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12
Q

DUpytren’s contracture

A

manual labour
phenytoin treatment
alcoholic liver disease
diabetes mellitus
trauma to the hand

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13
Q

Salter Harris - paediatric fractures

A

SALTR

I: Slipped (either side of the growth plate slipping past each other)
II: Above growth plate
III: Lower than growth plate
IV: Through (fracture through both above and below the growth plate)
V: Rammed (a crush injury)

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14
Q

Meralgia paraesthesia RF

A

Obesity
Pregnancy
Tense ascites
Trauma
iatrogenic -
various sports
idiopathic

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15
Q

Fat embolism RF

A

Respiratory
Neurological
Petechial rash (tends to occur after the first 2 symptoms)

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16
Q

Avascular necrosis of femoral head XR findings:

A

osteopenia and microfractures may be seen early on

collapse of the articular surface may result in the crescent sign

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17
Q

Subluxation of radial head:
signs
Tx

A

Signs include elbow pain and limited supination and extension of the elbow.

analgesia and passively supination of the elbow joint whilst the elbow is flexed to 90 degrees

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18
Q

5th metatarsal fractures often follow

A

forced inversion of the foot and ankle

19
Q

Acetabular labral tears

A

hip/groin pain
snapping sensation around hip
there may occasionally be the sensation of locking

20
Q

avascular necrosis RF

A

long-term steroid use
chemotherapy
alcohol excess
trauma

21
Q

Leriche syndrome

A
  1. Claudication of the buttocks and thighs
  2. Atrophy of the musculature of the legs
  3. Impotence (due to paralysis of the L1 nerve)
22
Q

Psoas abscess Ix

A

CT abdomen

23
Q

low back pain initial analgesia

A

oral NSAIDs

24
Q

L5 radiculopathy

A

Weakness of hip abduction and foot drop
no specific reflex lost
Sensory loss dorsum of foot
Positive sciatic nerve stretch test

25
Q

S1 radiculopathy

A

Sensory loss posterolateral aspect of leg and lateral aspect of foot
Weakness in plantar flexion of foot
Reduced ankle reflex
Positive sciatic nerve stretch test

26
Q

L4 radiculopathy

A

Sensory loss anterior aspect of knee and medial malleolus
Weak knee extension and hip adduction
Reduced knee reflex
Positive femoral stretch test

27
Q

L3 radiculopathy

A

Sensory loss over anterior thigh
Weak hip flexion, knee extension and hip adduction
Reduced knee reflex
Positive femoral stretch test

28
Q

dislocated patella

A

A patella dislocation is a common cause of haemarthrosis and many will spontaneously reduce when the leg is straightened.

29
Q

Posterior hip dislocations presentation

A

shortened and internally rotated leg

30
Q

Buckle fracture

A

Incomplete cortical disruption resulting in periosteal haematoma only

31
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Unilateral cortical breach only

32
Q

Complications of total hip replacement

A

perioperative:
venous thromboembolism
intraoperative fracture
nerve injury
surgical site infection

leg length discrepancy
posterior dislocation
asceptic loosening of joint (most common cause of revision)
prosthetic joint infection

33
Q

femoral nerve injury

A

Weakness in knee extension, loss of the patella reflex, numbness of the thigh

34
Q

sciatic nerve injury

A

Weakness in knee flexion and foot movements, pain and numbness from gluteal region to ankle

35
Q

displaced hip fracture Tx

A

Hemiarthroplasty or total hip replacement

36
Q

A hemiarthroplasty is favoured over a total hip replacement if

A

frail, with a background of chronic health problems
no history of hip osteoarthritis

37
Q

spinal stenosis Ix

A

MRI

38
Q

lower back pain red flags

A

age < 20 years or > 50 years
history of previous malignancy
night pain
history of trauma
systemically unwell e.g. weight loss, fever

39
Q

clubfoot

A

Inverted + plantar flexed foot which is not passively correctable.

40
Q

If evidence of neuromuscular compromise (prolonged CRT, paraesthesia, reduced sensation)

A

immediate reduction / stabilisation instead of XR

41
Q

anterior shoulder dislocation presentation

A

external rotation and abduction of the upper limb.

Axillary nerve palsy can also occur –> weak deltoid muscle and sensory loss over the badge patch area.

42
Q

most common cause of heel pain in adults

A

plantar fasciitis
worse on tip toes

43
Q

The nerve most likely to be injured during knee arthroplasty

A

common peroneal nerve–> foot drop

44
Q

subtrochanteric vs intertrochanteric fracture Tx

A

subtrochanteric= intramedullary nail
intertrochanteric= dynamic hip screw

Passmed wrong (10 decks)

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