MSK Flashcards
Open fractures Tx
immediate wound debridement and application of external spanning device
definitive surgical fixation delayed until soft tissues have recovered
Osteomyelitis most common affected area in children vs adults
children= metaphysis
adults= epiphysis
Most common site of metatarsal stress fractures
2nd metatarsal
Acromioclavicular joint injury management
Grade 1-2: managed conservatively including resting the joint using a sling.
Grade 4,5,6: surgical
iliopsoas abscess
Patient in the supine position with the knee flexed and the hip mildly externally rotated
fever, back pain, limp
Galeazzi fracture
dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint with an associated fracture of the radius
Monteggia fracture
dislocation of the proximal radioulnar joint in association with an ulnar fracture
Compartment syndrome is most commonly associated with
supracondylar and tibial shaft fractures
Children and young people with unexplained bone swelling or pain:
consider very urgent direct access X-ray to assess for bone sarcoma
osteomyelitis and SCA
salmonella
Anterior vs posterior shoulder dislocation association
Anterior= FOOSH
posterior= seizures and electric shock
Dupytren’s contracture causes
manual labour
phenytoin treatment
alcoholic liver disease
diabetes mellitus
trauma to the hand
Salter Harris - paediatric fractures
SALTR
I: Slipped (either side of the growth plate slipping past each other)
II: Above growth plate
III: Lower than growth plate
IV: Through (fracture through both above and below the growth plate)
V: Rammed (a crush injury)
Meralgia paraesthesia RF
Obesity
Pregnancy
Tense ascites
Trauma
iatrogenic -
various sports
idiopathic
Fat embolism presentation
Respiratory
Neurological
Petechial rash (tends to occur after the first 2 symptoms)
Avascular necrosis of femoral head XR findings:
osteopenia and microfractures may be seen early on
collapse of the articular surface may result in the crescent sign
Subluxation of radial head:
signs
Tx
Signs include elbow pain and limited supination and extension of the elbow.
analgesia and passively supination of the elbow joint whilst the elbow is flexed to 90 degrees
5th metatarsal fractures often follow
forced inversion of the foot and ankle
Acetabular labral tears
hip/groin pain
snapping sensation around hip
there may occasionally be the sensation of locking
avascular necrosis RF
long-term steroid use
chemotherapy
alcohol excess
trauma
Leriche syndrome
- Claudication of the buttocks and thighs
- Atrophy of the musculature of the legs
- Impotence (due to paralysis of the L1 nerve)
Psoas abscess Ix
CT abdomen
low back pain initial analgesia
oral NSAIDs
L5 radiculopathy
Weakness of hip abduction and foot drop
no specific reflex lost
Sensory loss dorsum of foot
Positive sciatic nerve stretch test