General Surgery Flashcards
TPN complications
sepsis, re-feeding syndromes
hepatic dysfunction-
carotid endarectomy nerve damage
hypoglossal nerve
Indications for thoracotomy in haemothorax include
> 1.5L blood initially
losses of >200ml per hour for >2 hours
Riglers sign
Posterior approach to total hip arthroplasty nerve damage
sciatic nerve- foot drop
complications of enteral feeding
diarrhoea
aspiration
hyperglycaemia
refeeding syndrome
long term feeding for unsafe swallow
PEG tube feeding
Richter hernia
Richter’s hernia can present with strangulation without symptoms of obstruction
metabolic acidosis
low heart rate alongside warm, flushed peripheries
neurogenic shock
strangulated inguinal hernia management
do not attempt to manually reduce
open flat mesh repair repair
FAST scans (focused assessment with sonography for trauma)
used in trauma to quickly assess the extent of free fluid in the chest, peritoneal or pericardial cavities
septic shock
fall in systemic vascular resistance
increase HR
normal/increased cardiac output
decreased BP
warm peripheries
similar to neurogenic and anaphylactic - distributive shock
hypovolemic shock
increased SVR
increased HR
decreased CO
decreased BP
cariogenic shock
increased SVR
increased HR
decreased CO
decreased BP
Abdominal wound dehiscence should initially be managed with
coverage of the wound with saline impregnated gauze + IV broad-spectrum antibiotics
return to theatre
Bilateral and recurrent inguinal hernias
are generally repaired laparoscopically using a mesh
unilateral inguinal hernias
repaired even if asymptomatic
open approach
peri anal crohns biological therapy
infliximab
neurogenic shock treatment
vasopressors
A large hyperechoic lesion in the presence of normal AFP
haemangioma
angiodysplasia presentation
Apart from bleeding, which may be massive, these arteriovenous lesions cause little in the way of symptoms. The right side of the colon is more commonly affected.
inguinal hernia in children
indirect- persistent processus vaginalis
In acute cholecystitis there is hyperaesthesia beneath the right scapula
Boas’ sign
Acute retrocaecal appendicitis is indicated when the right thigh is passively extended with the patient lying on their side with their knees extended.
Psoas stretch sign
