Urology Flashcards
What are the most common organisms involved in epididymo-orchitis?
Youn and sexually active- Niseirria Gonorrhoea or Chlamydia
Old- E-coli
What is the mx in epididymo-orchitis?
STI- treat
E-coli- MSU dependent/oral quinolone
List the RFs for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder?
SMOKING!!
Exposure to dyes
Rubber manufacture
Cyclophosphamide
List the RFs for squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder?
Schistomiosis
Smoking
What is the Ix indicated in renal stones?
FBC, CRP, U&Es
Coagulation studies
Urine dipstick and culture
What is the most appropriate imaging for renal stones?
Non contrast CT KUB
In pregnancy and children- USS
What is the most appropriate initial mx of renal stones?
Analgesia (NSAIDs)
+/- Alpha blocker if distal uteric stone <10mm
What is the mx of renal stones?
<5mm- watchful waiting
5-10mm- Shockwave lithotripsy
10-20mm- Shockwave lithotripsy/Uteroscopy
>20mm- Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
List the obstructive and storage sx of BPH?
Obstructive: (SHIP)
Straining
Hesitancy
Dribbling
Incomplete emptying
Poor flow
Storage- (FUN)
Frequency
Urgency
Nocturia
What is the 1st line of mx for BPH?
Alpha 1 antagonist e.g. Tamsulosin
What is the MOA of alpha 1 antagonist in BPH?
Decreases smooth muscle tone of bladder and prostate
What is the 2nd line of mx in BPH?
5 alpha reductase Inhibitors
e.g. Finasteride
How long does it take for finasteride to take effect?
6 months
What is the MOA of Finasteride?
Blocks the conversion of testosterone to DHT, causing a decrease in prostate volume
What is the SE of alpha 1 antagonists?
Dizziness
Postural Hypotension
Dry mouth
Depression