Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Finals (HV) > Nephrology > Flashcards

Nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

List 3 RF for an AKI?

A

Drugs- ACEI/ARB/NSAIDs etc
Iodinated contrast agents w/in past week
CKD + other end organ failure
65+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List 3 pre-renal causes of an AKI?

A

Hypovolaemia secondary to D+V
Renal Artery stenosis
Sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List 3 intrinsic causes of an AKI?

A

Glomerulonephritis
Acute tubular necrosis
Rhabdomyolysis
Tumour lysis syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List 3 post-renal causes of an AKI?

A

BPH
Kidney stone in urethra or bladder
External compression of the urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the features of an AKI?

A

Reduced urine output (<0.5ml/kg/hour)
Pulmonary/peripheral oedema
Arrhythmias (electrolyte imbalances)
Features of uraemia (for example, pericarditis or encephalopathy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the criteria for an AKI to be diagnosed?

A

Rise in serum creatinine of 26mmol/L or greater within 48 hours

A 50% increase in creatinine within 7 days

Fall in urine output <0.5ml/kg/hour greater than 6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 1st line Ix would you do in someone with suspected AKI?

A

U&Es
Urinalysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What medications are safe to continue in AKI?

A

Warfarin
Aspirin 75mg
Beta Blockers
Paracetamol
Clopidogrel
Statin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What medications are not safe to continue in AKI?

A

NSAIDs
ACEI
ARBS
Aminoglycosides
Diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What medications may need to be stopped due to an increased risk of toxicity (but doesn’t usually worsen AKI itself) ?

A

Metformin
Digoxin
Lithium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the triad associated with nephrotic syndrome?

A

Proteinuria (>3g/24hr)
Hypoalbuminaemia (>30g/L)
Oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List 4 causes of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Idiopathic

Primary causes:
Minimal Change disease
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
Membranous nephropathy

Secondary causes:
Diabetes mellitus
SLE
Amyloidosis
Drugs (Gold and NSAIDS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What Ix would you carry out for diagnosing nephrotic syndrome?

A

Urine dipstick
MSU
Protein:creatinine ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the ECG findings in hyperkalaemia?

A

Tall Tented T waves
Loss of P wave
Broad QRS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the short term mx of hyperkalaemia?

A

Combined Insulin/dextrose infusion
Nebulised Salbutamol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the long term mx of hyperkalaemia?

A

Calcium Resonium (via enema or Po)
loop diuretics
Dialysis

17
Q

What are the possible sx in a -ve fluid balance patient?

A

Tachycardia
Hypotension
Oliguria
Sunken eyes and reduced skin turgor

18
Q

What are the possible sx in a +ve fluid balance patient?

A

Elevated JVP
Cackles
Ascites
Tachypnoea

19
Q

What is the mx of minimal change disease?

A

Oral steroids (prednisolone)

20
Q

What is the mx of minimal change disease in a patient who is unresponsive to steroids?

A

Cyclophosphamide

21
Q

What would a renal biopsy in a patient with minimal change in disease show?

A

Normal glomeruli on light microscopy

Electron microscopy shows fusion of podocytes and effacement of foot processes

Finals (HV) (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions