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Finals (HV) > GUM + INFECTIOUS DISEASES > Flashcards

GUM + INFECTIOUS DISEASES Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two ways in which HRT can be used?

A

1) CYCLICALLY- for perimenopausal women who still continue to have periods

2) CONTINUOUSLY- for postmenopausal women who do not have periods

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2
Q

List 3 benefits of HRT?

A

Relief of vasomotor sx
Relief of urogenital sx
Decreases risk of osteoporosis

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3
Q

What haemantic tests are required in IDA and what would they show?

A

Total Iron Binding Capacity- HIGH
Ferritin- LOW

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4
Q

Cases of Microcytic anaemia?

A

Thalassemia
Anaemia of chronic disease
IDA
Lead poisoning
Sideroblastic Anaemia

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5
Q

What is the immediate primary treatment for suspected meningial septicaemia?

A

IM Benzylpenicillin

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6
Q

What criteria is used in GP for dianosis of acute tonsillitis, and what are they?

A

ModifiedCENTOR Criteria (requires 3 out 4 to reach diagnosis of acute bacterial tonsillitis)
-Age 3-14
-History of fever
-Tonsillar exudates
-No cough
-Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy

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7
Q

What is the treatment given to patients presenting with otitis externa?

A

Topical acetic acid (combined antibiotic/steroid drops)

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8
Q

Which virus can cause slapped cheek syndrome?

A

Parovirus b19

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9
Q

What virus causes a rash in children which tends to start at the face, moves down to trunk and spares the limbs?

A

Rubella

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10
Q

What virus causes hand foot and mouth disease?

A

Cocksackievirus A16

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11
Q

Describe the rash associated with rosella infantum?

A

Macular erythemous rash on trunk following high fever and Coryzal illness

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12
Q

What is the spirometery measurements expected in obstructive lung disease?

A

FEV1 - decreased
Normal FVC
FEV1/FVC ratio <70%
Increase in TLC and RV

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13
Q

What spirometry measurements would you expect in restrictive lung disease?

A

FEV1- decrease
FVC- decrease
FEV1/FVC ratio normal or increase
Decrease in TLC and RV

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14
Q

What is the first line treatment in diabetic neuropathy?

A

Amitryptiline, duloxetine, gabapentin, pregabalin

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15
Q

What is the management of asthma in adults according to NICE guidelines?

A

1st- SABA
2nd- LD ICS
3rd- Add LTRA
4th- Add LABA
5th- MART therapy

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16
Q

What is the causative agent in chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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17
Q

What is the PEFR in the BTS asthma classification of moderate, severe, and life threatening?

A

Moderate- PEFR 50-75%
Severe- PEFR 33-50%
Life threatening- PEFR <33%

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18
Q

What medications must be ceased in someone with AKI?

A

NSAIDS
Aminoglycosides
ACEI
Diuretics
Angiotensin II receptor antagonist

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19
Q

What kind of organism causes a Trichomonasis infection?

A

Flagellated protozoan

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20
Q

What Sx and signs can be found when a person has trichiomonaisis infection?

A

Profuse yellow vaginal discharge
Strawberry cervix
Dysparenuia
Itching
Post coital bleeding

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21
Q

What is the management of Trichomonasis infection?

A

Oral metronidiazole
Abstain from sex for at least a week or until screening has been completed
Contact tracing

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22
Q

What is the synonymous finding in chancroid?

A

Painful lesion that bleeds on contact

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23
Q

What is the Sx of genital candidiasis and is management?

A

White cottage cheese discharge + itchiness + soreness

Tx- topical Azoles, vaginal pessary

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24
Q

What are the signs and symptoms in the different stages of syphyllis infection?

A

Primary- single painless lesion/ulcer

Secondary-
Manifests 4-10 weeks after infection
Symmetrical maculopapular rash (soles, palms and feet)
Mucosal ulcers and lymphadenopathy
Malaise, fever, hepatitis, glomerulonephritis

Tertiary- occurs 20-40 years after primary infection

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25
Q

What is the causative organism if syphyllis?

A

Treponema palladium (bacteria)

26
Q

What is the treatment of syphyllis?

A

IM benzathine benzylpenicillin

27
Q

When should ellaone be cautioned for use?

A

In patients with asthma controlled with steroids

28
Q

What is the description for mollascum contagiosum and what’s its management?

A

Small domed shaped flesh colour/pink papules with central indentation

Tx- generally self resolves within 18 months
Can have cryotherapy for aesthetics

29
Q

Management of chlamydia?

A

Oral doxycycline BD 7 days

30
Q

What is the causative organism in genital warts and list sx?

A

HPV 6 + 11
Painless flesh coloured bumps in genital area + itching + burning

31
Q

What is the causative organism of genital herpes?

A

HSV1 and HS2

32
Q

What is Ix and tx of genial herpes?

A

Ix- NAAT/viral PCR
IV acyclovir and analgesia

33
Q

What is the causative organism in Chancroid?

A

Haemophillus Ducreyi

34
Q

What is the tx of chancroid?

A

Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin and Ciprofloxacin

35
Q

What is the causative organism in bacterial vaginosis?

A

Gardnella vaginitis

36
Q

List the ix in bacterial vaginosis?

A

Positive whiff test
clue cells on wet mount
ph >4.5

37
Q

Tx for bacterial vaginosis

A

Metronidazole

38
Q

Tx for genital warts

A

Podophiltoxin ointmnet
Inquuimod crema
Trichloracetic acid
Cryotheraphy

39
Q

Odourless prulent discharge is indicative of what?

A

N. Gonorrhoea

40
Q

What is the most common caustaive organism in PID?

A

Chlamydia

41
Q

What is the 1st line mx of lyme disease?

A

Oral doxycycline

42
Q

What is the mx of chlamydia in pregnant women?

A

Azithromycin/Erythromycin/Amoxicillin

43
Q

What are the signs and sx of typhoid disease?

A

Abdo pain
Constipation
Rose spots on trunk
Headaches, Fever, Arthralgia

44
Q

List the different live attenuated vaccines?

A

BCG
MMR
oral polio
Yellow fever
Oral typhoid

45
Q

What are the adverse effects of metronidazole?

A

Disulfiram like reaction with OH
Increases anticoagulation effect of warfarin

46
Q

Alternating fever is most likely indicative of what infectious disease?

A

Malaria

47
Q

List the features of dengue fever?

A

Retro-orbital headache
Fever
Facial flushing
Rash
Thrombocytopaenia

48
Q

What is the 1st line mx of cellulitis?

A

Flucloxacillin

49
Q

What are the two types of nec fasc and their causative organisms?

A

Type 1 is caused by mixed anaerobes and aerobes (often occurs post-surgery in diabetics). This is the most common type

Type 2 is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes

50
Q

List the risk factors of nec fasc?

A

*skin factors- trauma, burns soft tissue infections
*T2DM- especially if on SGLT-2 inhibitors
*IVDU
*immunosupresion

51
Q

List the sx of nec fasc?

A

acute onset
pain, swelling, erythema at the affected site
pain out of keeping with physical features
extremely tender over infected tissue with hypoaesthesia to light touch
skin necrosis and crepitus/gas gangrene are late signs
fever and tachycardia may be absent or occur late in the presentation

52
Q

what is the mx of nec fasc?

A

urgent surgical referral debridement
intravenous antibiotics

53
Q

List 5 notifiable disease?

A

Acute meningitis, encephalitis
Anthrax
Botulism
Covid-19
HUS
Menigococcal septicaemia
Rabies
Rubella
Scarlet fever
TB
Whooping cough
Yellow fever

54
Q

What is the mx of pneumocystis jivoreci?

A

Co-trimoxazole

55
Q

List the features of pnemocystis jivoreci?

A

dyspnoea
dry cough
fever
very few chest signs
exercise-induced desaturation

56
Q

What is the most sensitive metod for diagnosis for chlamydia and gonorrhoea?

A

Vulvo-vaginal swab for NAAT

57
Q

List the features of legionella pneumonia?

A

Dry cough
Lymphopaenia
Hyponatraemia
Deranged LFTs
Pleural effusions ~30% of patients

58
Q

What is the mx of legionella pnemonia?

A

treat with erythromycin/clarithromycin

59
Q

What organism is the most common cause of travellers diarrhoea?

A

E.coli

60
Q
A

Finals (HV) (19 decks)

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