OTHER STUFF Flashcards
What effect may volatile liquid anaesthetics like isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane have?
They may cause malignant hyperthermia
Malignant hyperthermia is a serious reaction to certain drugs used for general anesthesia.
In which condition should nitrous oxide be used with caution?
In patients with a pneumothorax
A pneumothorax is a condition where air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall.
What is a key advantage of using ketamine in trauma patients?
It does not cause a drop in blood pressure
This makes ketamine particularly useful for patients who are hemodynamically unstable.
What beneficial property does propofol have for certain patients?
It has anti-emetic properties
This is particularly beneficial for patients at high risk of post-operative vomiting.
What complication can thiopental cause during induction?
Laryngospasm
Laryngospasm is a spasm of the vocal cords that can obstruct airflow.
What potential issue may arise from the use of etomidate?
Primary adrenal suppression
This necessitates careful patient selection to avoid adverse effects.
What adverse effect may Methotrexate cause related to blood cell production?
Myelosuppression or agranulocytosis
Myelosuppression refers to the decreased production of blood cells, while agranulocytosis is a severe drop in white blood cells, increasing infection risk.
What liver condition can Methotrexate lead to?
Liver fibrosis
Liver fibrosis is the accumulation of excess fibrous tissue in the liver, which can impair liver function.
Which oral condition is Methotrexate associated with?
Mucositis
Mucositis is inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membranes, often causing pain and discomfort.
Vincristine may cause which neurological condition?
Peripheral neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy involves damage to the peripheral nerves, leading to weakness, numbness, and pain, typically in the hands and feet.
Is the peripheral neuropathy caused by Vincristine usually reversible?
Yes
Most cases of peripheral neuropathy from Vincristine improve after discontinuation of the drug.
What serious urinary condition can Cyclophosphamide cause?
Haemorrhagic cystitis
Haemorrhagic cystitis is a condition characterized by inflammation and bleeding in the bladder, often related to chemotherapy agents.
Which lung condition is linked to Bleomycin?
Lung fibrosis
Lung fibrosis refers to scarring of lung tissue, which can lead to respiratory difficulties.
Cisplatin may cause which two adverse effects?
Ototoxicity and hypomagnesaemia
Ototoxicity refers to ear poisoning, leading to hearing loss, while hypomagnesaemia is a deficiency of magnesium in the blood.
What are Kanavel’s signs of flexor tendon sheath infection?
Fixed flexion, fusiform swelling, tenderness, pain on passive extension
Kanavel’s signs are clinical indicators used to diagnose infections in the flexor tendon sheath.
What may be used to reduce pyrexia in cases of non-haemolytic febrile transfusion reaction?
Paracetamol
Paracetamol is commonly used to alleviate fever and discomfort.
What symptoms indicate an acute haemolytic reaction during a blood transfusion?
Fever, abdominal pain, hypotension
These symptoms can signal a serious and potentially life-threatening reaction.
How is TRALI differentiated from TACO?
Presence of hypotension in TRALI versus hypertension in TACO
Understanding these differences is crucial for appropriate management.
What type of blood transfusion is at particular risk of bacterial contamination?
Platelet transfusions
Platelets are stored at room temperature, increasing contamination risk.
How may minor allergic reactions during blood transfusions be managed?
Temporarily stopping the transfusion and giving an antihistamine
This approach helps alleviate allergic symptoms without significant complications.
What is required in the event of anaphylaxis during a blood transfusion?
Immediate cessation of the transfusion and administration of IM adrenaline
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that requires prompt action.
What does TACO result from?
Excessive rate of transfusion leading to pulmonary oedema
TACO stands for Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload.
What characterizes TRALI?
Hypoxaemia and acute respiratory distress within 6 hours of transfusion
TRALI stands for Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury.
What types of infections can occur with different blood products?
Bacterial and viral infections
RBCs primarily transmit viral agents, while other products may have different risks.
