Urology Flashcards
Where are the 3 common sites of constriction in the ureters?
- uretopelvic junction
- crossing pelvic brim / common iliac bifurcation
- posterior entrance to bladder
What is the direction of fluid flow in the kidneys?
cortex - medulla - papilla - minor calyx - major calyx - renal pelvis - ureter
Do kidneys sit antero, latero, medio, or retro peritoneally?
Retroperitoneally
What fascaie pouch do the kidney’s sit in and what else is there?
The renal / gerota’s pouch.
the IVC
What muscle largely forms the bladder wall?
Detrusor
What part of the bladder is there voluntary control over?
External urethral sphincter (skeletal muscle)
What forms the bladder trigone?
Ureter and urethra
Where is the external orifice of the urethra located in the female and male?
Female - anterior to vaginal opening and posterior to clitoris
Male - glans of the penis
Where are the two curvatures of the male urethra?
- Infra-pubic (anterior to the bulb of penis)
- pre- pubic ( inferior at the base of the penis when flaccid)
What are the 4 parts of the male urethra?
- Pre-prostatic
- prostatic
- membranous
- spongy (length of penis)
What are the regions in the anatomy of the nephron?
renal corpuscle - urinary space - proximal convoluted tubule - loop of henele descending - loop of henele ascending - distal convoluted tubule - collecting duct (mainly found in medulla) - renal papilla - exit into calyx system
How do the cortex and medulla stain on histology and what are they comprised of?
Cortex = dark staining (mainly renal corpuscles and primary site of filtration)
Medulla = lighter staining (mainly collecting ducts and tubules, surrounding blood vessels)
Where is the vasa recta?
Runs around loop of henele
What are the divisions of urinary mucosa?
[Hint its the same from the papilla to urethra]
urothelium - uroepithelium - transitional urinary epithelium
