Pelvis

Question 1

What are the three section of the fallopian tube from medial to lateral?

Answer 1

Isthmus - ampulla - infundibulum

Question 2

What bony structures make up the pelvic inlet?

Answer 2

Sacrum, ilium, pubis, and pubic symphysis

Question 3

What bones and ligaments form the boundaries of the pelvic outlet?

Answer 3

Coccyx and sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament, ischium, pubis and pubic symphysis

Question 4

Which muscles make the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 4

Levator ani and coccygeus

Question 5

What are the functions of the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 5

Support the pelvic viscera, resist increases in intra abdominal pressure (valsalva maneuvers), urinary and faecal continence

Question 6

What are the two layers of the perineal muscles?

Answer 6

Superficial - same in men and women (superficial transverse perineal, ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus)
Deep - two extra muscles present in the female (deep transverse perineal, external urethral sphincter) + (sphincter urethovaginalis, compressor urethra)

Question 7

Where do the vaginal and uterine arteries originate from?

Answer 7

Internal iliac artery

Question 8

Where do the gonadal arteries originate from?

Answer 8

Abdominal aorta

Question 9

What is the main nerve of the perineum?

Answer 9

Pudendal nerve

Question 10

What is the main artery of the perineum?

Answer 10

Internal pudendal artery

Question 11

At what vertebral level do the gonadal arteries emerge from the aorta?

Answer 11

L2

Question 12

Where would you find lymph nodes draining the pelvic viscera?

Answer 12

Distributed along the internal and external iliac arteries

Question 13

Once a follicle has released its oocyte through ovulation, what does the remainder of the follicle transform into?

Answer 13

Corpus luteum

Question 14

What hormone does this structure secrete?

Answer 14

Progesterone

Question 15

What hormone do leydig cells secrete?

Answer 15

Androgens including testosterone

Question 16

What are the interstitial cells in between the seminiferous tubules

Answer 16

leydig cells

Question 17

What vertebral level do the kidneys sit at?

Answer 17

T12-L3

Question 18

What organs are in contact with the kidney?

Answer 18

Left : suprarenal, stomach, spleen, pancreas, small intestine (jejunum), large intestine (descending colon)
Right : suprarenal gland, liver , small intestine (descending part of duodenum), large intestine (r. colic flexure) , small intestine

Question 19

Which 3 muscles are in contact with the posterior surface of each kidney?

Answer 19

Transversus abdominis, quadratus lumborum, psoas major

Question 20

The _____ renal vein is relatively long and can be found travelling ___________to the abdominal aorta, while the ______renal vein travels directly and is relatively short. Conversely, the _____renal artery is the longer vessel, and can be found passing ________to the IVC. The _____ renal artery is comparatively shorter, and passes directly towards the left kidney.

Answer 20

So, the left renal vein is relatively long and can be found travelling anterior to the abdominal aorta, while the right renal vein travels directly and is relatively short. Conversely. The right renal artery is the longer vessel, and can be found passing posterior to the IVC. The left renal artery is comparatively shorter, and passes directly towards the left kidney.

Question 21

How is voiding of the bladder controlled?

Answer 21

The external sphincter of the bladder, this sphincter allows us to control when we void our bladders.