Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

My2 renal > urological emergencies > Flashcards

urological emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

what is acute urinary retention

A

sudden, painful experience of having a full bladder but being unable to urinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what can cause acute urinary retention

A

BPH, BPE, prostate infection, excessive fluid intake, alcohol, BOO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are some precipitated causes of acute urinary retention

A

surgery, catheterisation, anaesthesia, urethral instrumentation, medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how do you manage acute urinary retention

A

catheterise urgently, alpha blockers eg tamsulosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the most common cause of acute loin pain

A

uteric colic secondary to stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are symptoms of bladder stones

A

lower abdo pain, pain on urination, increased frequency, haematuria, difficulty urinating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how do you manage bladder stones

A

NSAIDs +/- opiate, alpha blocker eg tamsulosin, give 1 month for stone to pass then surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is frank haematuria

A

visible blood in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what can cause frank haematuria

A

infection, stones, BPH, polycystic kidneys, trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what investigations are done for frank haematuria

A

urinaltsis, CT urogram, cystoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how do you treat frank haematuria

A

treat underlying, clot retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what can cause an acute scrotum

A

torsion of spermatic cord, torsion of testes, epididmytis, trauma, vasculitis, hydrocele, tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what can cause torsion of spermatic cord

A

trauma, athletic activity, spontaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

at what age group is torsion of the spermatic cord most common

A

puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are some symptoms of torsion of the spermatic cord

A

sudden onset of pain, N+V, referred pain to lower abdo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is seen on exam of torsion of spermatic cord

A

testes in high scrotum, transverse lie, no cremasteric reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the cremasteric reflex

A

when inner thigh is stroked in a downwards direction, ipsilateral testicle is pulled upwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how do you diagnose torsion of spermatic cord

A

USS doppler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

who is commonly affected by epididymitis

A

14-35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are symptoms of epididymitis

A

hard to distinguish from torsion, dysuria and pyrexia more common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what investigations are done for epididymitis

A

cremasteric reflex present, USS, urine culture (for chlamydia)

22
Q

how do you treat epididymitis

A

analgesia and bed rest

23
Q

what is paraphimosis

A

when foreskin is pulled behind the tip of penis and becomes stuck, penis then becomes swollen

24
Q

what is the most common cause of paraphimosis

A

foreskin is retracted for catheter and staff forget to put it back

25
Q

what is priapism

A

prolonged erection >4 hours (painful and not sexual)

26
Q

what can cause priapism (5)

A

injection for ED eg papaverine, trauma, haematological eg sickle cell, neurological, idiopathic

27
Q

what is ischaemic priapism

A

blood stasis where blood cannot leave the penis (most common)

28
Q

how do you treat ischaemic priapism

A

aspirate and give alpha agonist

29
Q

what is non-ischaemic priapism

A

trauma to penile vasculature leads to unregulated blood entry (less painful)

30
Q

how do you manage non-ischaemic priapism

A

embolize and do USS

31
Q

what is fournier’s gangrene

A

necrotising fasciitis around male genitalia

32
Q

what are risk factors for fournier’s gangrene

A

diabetes, local trauma, perinanal infection, alcoholic

33
Q

what are symptoms of fournierns gangrene

A

starts as cellulitis, swollen, red, tender, pain, fever, dark purple areas develop (necrosis)

34
Q

how do you manage fournier’s gangrene

A

broad antibiotics and surgical debridement

35
Q

what is emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

acute necrotising infection of renal parenchyma

36
Q

what organisms cause emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

gas forming ones eg e.coli and klebsiella

37
Q

what is emphysematous pyelonephritis associated with

A

uretic obstruction (often in diabetics)

38
Q

what are symptoms of emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

flank pain and mass, vomiting, fever

39
Q

what investigations and management is done for emphysematous pyelonephritis

A

CT –> nephrectomy

40
Q

what can cause a perinephric abscess

A

mainly UTIs, surgery, haematogenous spread of infection

41
Q

what are symptoms of perinephric abscess

A

insidious onset, fever, flank mass

42
Q

what are investigations of perinephric abscess

A

bloods, CT

43
Q

how do you manage perinephric abscess

A

broad ABs and surgical drainage

44
Q

what are symptoms of a bladder injury from trauma

A

suprapubic/ abdo pain, inability to void, tenderness, bruising, diminished bowel sounds, haematuria

45
Q

how do you manage bladder injury from trauma

A

large bore catheter, antibiotics, imaging

46
Q

what can cause a urethral trauma injury

A

fracture of pubic rami

47
Q

what is seen on exam of a traumatic urethral injury

A

blood at meatus, can’t pee, palpable full bladder, high riding prostate, butterfly perineal haematoma

48
Q

how do you manage a traumatic urethral injury

A

suprapubic catheter

49
Q

what can cause a penile fracture

A

sexual intercourse

50
Q

what are symptoms of a penile fracture

A

cracking/ popping, pain, discolouration and swelling

My2 renal (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions