Anatomy: urinary incontinence

Question 1

what are the 5 types of nerve fibres

Answer 1

sensory: somatic sensory, visceral afferent.
Motor: somatic motor, parasympathetic, sympathetic

Question 2

what are somatic sensory nerve fibres

Answer 2

sensations from body wall –> CNS

Question 3

what are visceral afferent nerve fibres

Answer 3

organs internal environment –> CNS

Question 4

what are somatic motor nerve fibres

Answer 4

motor response to body wall eg skeletal muscle (voluntary)

Question 5

what are parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibres

Answer 5

CNS –> internal organs

Question 6

how many cranial and spinal nerves do you have

Answer 6

12 cranial, 31 spinal

Question 7

what outflow does sympathetic nerve fibres have

Answer 7

t1-L2 (thoracolumbar) outflow - with spinal nerves

Question 8

which type of nerve fibres travel the entire length from origin to destination

Answer 8

somatic motor and sensory

Question 9

where do sympathetic fibres synapse, what nerves continue to the body and by what route

Answer 9

body wall, splanchnic nerves, follow arteries

Question 10

how do sympathetic fibres het from CNS to kidneys, ureters and bladder (presynaptic)

Answer 10

leave between T10-L2, enter sympathetic chains within abdominoplevic splanchnic nerves, synapse around abdo aorta

Question 11

how do postsynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres get to kidneys, ureters and bladder

Answer 11

pass to surface of arteries towards organs (periarterial plexus)

Question 12

how do sympathetic fibres het from CNS to kidneys, ureters and bladder (presynaptic)

Answer 12

leave between T10-L2, enter sympathetic chains within abdominoplevic splanchnic nerves, synapse around abdo aorta

Question 13

how do postsynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres get to kidneys, ureters and bladder

Answer 13

pass to surface of arteries towards organs (periarterial plexus)

Question 14

how do sympathetic nerves leave the CNS

Answer 14

4 cranial nerves (3,7,9,10) and sacral - craniosacral outflow

Question 15

where do sympathetic fibres synapse, what nerves continue to the body and by what route

Answer 15

on the organ itself, pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 16

what parasympathetic nerve innervates the kidneys and ureters

Answer 16

CNX

Question 17

what parasympathetic nerve innervates the bladder

Answer 17

pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 18

what part of renal tract has somatic nerve fibres

Answer 18

only within perineum eg urethra and it’s sphincter

Question 19

how do visceral afferents from the kidneys get to the spinal cord and what level fo they enter

Answer 19

alongside sympathetic fibres and enter at T11 and L1

Question 20

what role do dermatomes have in kidney pain

Answer 20

patient feels pain in corresponding dermatomes from that spinal level

Question 21

where do visceral afferents enter spinal cords for bladder and ureters, describe the pain of each

Answer 21

run along sympathetics T11 and L2, ureter loin –> groin, bladder: dull suprapubic pain

Question 22

where do visceral afferents from proximal urthethra enter spinal cord and along which fibres, what type of pain is it

Answer 22

S2-S4, parasympathetic, sharp pain in perineum

Question 23

what nerves are involved in urine flow

Answer 23

S2-S4 level nerves

Question 24

how does the bladder relay do the brain its full and what muscle is stimulated

Answer 24

visceral afferent nerves –> CNS via S2-S4, detrusor muscle (potty trained voluntarily contract external sphincter and levitator ani)

Question 25

how does the bladder empty (muscles and nerves)

Answer 25

detrusor muscle contracts (para), internal urethral sphincter relaxes (para) and levator ani (somatic motor) relax, abdo wall contracts to increase pressure (somatic motor)

Question 26

where does the pudenal nerve form

Answer 26

S2-S4