Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

My2 renal > Glomerulonephritis > Flashcards

Glomerulonephritis Flashcards

1
Q

what are 5 examples of glomerular disease

A

diabetic nephropathy, pyelonephritis (infection), glomerulonephritis (inflamm), amyloid nephropathy, transplant nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the glomeruli usually by an autoimmune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are types of glomerulonephtis (4)

A

nephritic syndrome (proteinuria), nephritic syndrome (haematuria), mixed, rapidly progressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what antibody mediated responses can cause glomerulonephritis (4)

A

intrinsic antigen, deposition of immune complexes, T cell mediated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what can cause circulating immune complexes

A

infection eg hep C, HIV // drugs eg gold // cancer eg lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what types of vasculitis can cause glomerulonephritis

A

GPA and MPA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what secondary causes can cause glomerulonephritis

A

infection, drugs, malignancies, systemic eg ANCA vasculitis GPA and MPA, LUPUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are symptoms of glomerulonephritis

A

haematuria (nephritic syndrome), proteinuria (nephrotic syndrome), HYPERTENSION, AKI, CDK, ESRD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how do you diagnose glomerulonephritis

A

BP, bloods, urinalysis, kidney biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what investigations are done on the kidney biopsy

A

light microscopy, electro-microscopy, immunofluorescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is seen in light microscopy

A

hypercellularity, inflamm cells, sclerosis and crescents (bad)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is seen in electron microscopy

A

basement membrane deposits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is seen in immunoflueroscence

A

antibody type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is proliferative glomerulonephritis

A

proliferation of mesengial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is focal vs diffuse disease

A

focal <50% of glomeruli affected and diffuse >50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are crescents associated with

A

bad prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the treatment aims of glomerulonephritis

A

reduce proteinuria, induce remission, preserve long-term renal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what non-immunosuppresive treatment can be used in glomerulonephritis

A

anti-hypertensives, ACEi/ ARBs, diuretics, statins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what immunosuppressive drugs are used to treat glomerulonephritis (6)

A

steroids eg prednisolone, azathioprine, cyclophosphate, caclineurin inhibitors, IV immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what cells are the site of injury in nephrotic syndrome and what does this result in

A

podocytes: protein in urine and atrophies and loss of charge barriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is nephrotic syndrome proliferative or non-proliferative

A

non-proliferative

22
Q

what are the signs of nephrotic syndrome (5)

A

proteinuria >3g/day, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema, hypercholestraemia, normal renal function

23
Q

what is the main protein lost in nephrotic syndrome

A

albumin

24
Q

what are complications of nephrotic syndrome

A

infection, renal vein thrombosis, PE, volume depletion

25
Q

what are the 3 main categories of nephrotic syndrome

A

minimal change, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous

26
Q

what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children

A

minimal change

27
Q

what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults

A

FSGS

28
Q

what is the 2nd most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults

A

membranous

29
Q

what types of nephrotic syndrome are likely to cause progressive renal failure

A

FSGS: 50% get ESRF in 10 years // membranous: 40% get ESRF with slow progression

30
Q

what type of renal biopsy do you do in minimal change nephrotic syndrome and what does it show

A

light microscopy - looks normal and is associated with good prognosis

31
Q

how do you treat minimal change nephrotic syndrome

A

oral steroids (94% remission) 2nd line cyclophosphamide

32
Q

what type of renal biopsy do you do in FSGS nephrotic syndrome and what does it show

A

immunoflueroscence: minimal Ig // light: rosneal appearance

33
Q

how do you treat FSGS

A

60% remission with steroids. 2nd line ciclosporin

34
Q

what does a renal biopsy show membranous nephrotic syndrome

A

sub-epithelial immune complex in basement

35
Q

how do you treat membranous nephrotic syndrome

A

steroids/ alkylating agents eg cyclophosphamide + all on ACEi’s

36
Q

what cells are the site of injury in nephritic syndrome and what does this result in

A

mesangial cells: release chemokines –> inflamm /// endothelial –> vasculitis

37
Q

is nephritic syndrome proliferative or non-proliferative

A

proliferative - due to mesangial cell involvement

38
Q

how does nephritic syndrome present (6)

A

hypertension + haematuria, acute renal failure oliguria, oedema, henoch schonlein purpura (HSP)

39
Q

what is the most common cause of GN in the world

A

IgA nephropathy (nephritic)

40
Q

what are the symptoms if IgA nephropathy

A

asymptomatic haematuria, macroscopic haematuria after resp/ GI infection, HSP

41
Q

what is seen on a renal biopsy for IgA nephropathy

A

IgA deposits in mesangium and mesangial hypercellularity

42
Q

how commonly does IgA nephropathy progress to ESRF

A

25%

43
Q

how do you treat IgA nephropathy

A

BP control, ACE/ARBs, fish oil

44
Q

what is membranoproliferative GN

A

mixed nephrotic and nephritic syndrome

45
Q

what is seen in a biopsy of membranoproliferative GN

A

hypercellular glomeruli + thick membranes

46
Q

what is rapidly progressive GN

A

rapid deterioration of acute renal failure that is treatable

47
Q

what is rapidly progressive GN associated with

A

active urinary sediment, glomerular crescent on biopsy

48
Q

what are ANCA+ive causes of rapidly progressive GN

A

GPA, MPA

49
Q

what are ANCA-ive causes of rapidly progressive GN

A

goodpastures, HSP, SLE

50
Q

how do you treat rapidly progressive GN

A

steroids + cyclophsophamide/ azathioprine + supportive dialysis

My2 renal (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions