Anatomy: upper renal tract Flashcards
what defines the urinary tract
anatomical structures urine passes through from production to excretion
what is the pathway of urine
kidney: produces, ureter: drains from kidney to bladder, bladder: stores/ empties urine, urethra: excretes urine
what is in upper and lower urinary tract
upper = kidneys and ureters, lower = bladder and urethra
what parts of the urinary tract lie in the abdomen
kidneys and proximal ureters (retroperitoneum)
what parts of the urinary tract lie in the pelvis
distal ureters, bladder, proximal urethra
what parts of the urinary tract lie in the perineum
distal urethra
what layers protect the kidneys (outside in)
visceral peritoneum, paranephric fat, renal (deep) fascia, renal capsule
the kidneys lie anteriorly to what
quadrutus lumborum (muscles running from ribs to posterior iliac crest)
the kidneys lie laterally to what
psoas major and vertebral bodies
the kidneys lie posteriorly to what
floating ribs 11 and 12
at what vertebral levels do kidneys lie and why are they different
left = T12-L2, right = L1-L3
liver pushes down right kidney
what regions/ quadrants are the kidneys in
R/L upper quadrant, R/L lumbar region
when we breath in what direction do kidneys move
down
what is anterior/ posterior in renal veins and arteries
veins ant and arteries post
what is anterior/ posterior in iliac veins and arteries
arteries ant and veins post
where does lymph from kidneys drain
lumbar nodes
at what level does the aorta bifurcate into the common iliacs
level of umbilicus
where does the lymph from the ureters drain
lumbar and iliac nodes
where do the renal pyramids lie
in the renal medulla
what do pyramids contain
50,000 nephrons
how does urine drain from collecting nephrons to the ureter
nephron collecting duct –> minor calyx –> major calyx –> renal pelvis –> ureter
where are the anatomical sites of ureteric constriction (3)
pelviureteric junction, ureter crossing common iliac artery, ureteric orifice (into bladder)
what are renal calculi
stones from urine calcium salts, obstructing the urinary tract
how can ureteric obstruction occur
internal obstruction (renal calculus or blood clot), external compression (expanding mass)
how does the urinary tract try to pass obstructions and what pain does it cause
peristalsis as smooth muscle - colicky pain x
at what point does urine production stop
pressure within urinary tract exceeds pressure favouring filtration at glomerulus
what is renal failure
failure to adequately filter blood to produce urine
what does each nephron contain
glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule and collecting duct.
