urologic evaluation of hematuria Flashcards
source of bleed if hematuria is at beginning of stream
urethral source
most common causes of hematuria
idiopathic
infection
stone
tumor
painless hematuria is usually due to
tumors or cancers
standard work up for hematuria (4 steps)
urinalysis
cytology
cystoscopy
upper tract imaging
test to do to find out source of blood
urinalysis
used to assess for cancerous cells
cytology
allows you to see lower urinary tract
cystoscopy
allows you to see upper urinary tract
CT urogram +/- contrast
terminal hematuria is due to
bladder irritation or prostate
hematuria throughout is due to a problem in
bladder ureter or kidneys
angiomyolipoma
most common benign tumor of kidney that has fat, blood and muscle
treatment of AML
only when very large
embolization or nephrectomy
kidney tumor symptoms
mostly asymptomatic
10% have flank pain, palpable mass and hematuria
AML is associated with
tuberous sclerosis
kidney tumor evaluation
CT scan or MRI
CXR, CBC LFTs
kidney cancer surgery options
radical nephrectomy partial nephrectomy (only remove tumors)
treatment for small kidney tumors
probe cryoablation
initial test for renal cell carcinoma
CT scan
most kidney tumors are found______
incidentally
renal cell carcinoma
tumor of PCT cells
most common histological pattern of RCC
clear cell
painful hematuria is usually due to
infection or stones
kidney cancer is resistant to
chemo and radiation
common METS of RCC
lungs and bone
