calcium and magnesium disorders

Question 1

hypomagesemia serum

Answer 1

<1.5

Question 2

renal causes of hypomagnesemia

Answer 2

loop and thiazide diuretics
Barters/Gitelman Syndrome
Cisplatin
Amphotericin

Question 3

GI losses that can cause low Mg

Answer 3

diarrhea
alcoholism
malabsorption
vomiting 
laxatives
PPis

Question 4

causes of hypermagnesemia

Answer 4

renal insufficiency
excessive intake
lithium
hypothyroid

Question 5

hypomagnesemia sx

Answer 5

neuromuscular hyperexcitability 
tetany
increased deep tendon reflexes
Trousseau and Chvosteks signs
Trevor
weakness
seizures

Question 6

hypermagnesemia sx

Answer 6

decreased deep tendon reflexes
bradycardia
hypotension
resp depression

Question 7

initial treatment for high Mg

Answer 7

IV calcium gluconate

Question 8

treatment for low Mg

Answer 8

oral Mg in mild

IV Mg in severe

Question 9

additional tx for high Mg

Answer 9

IV fluids and furosemide to enhance Mg excretion

Question 10

thiazide diuretics _____ calcium excretion

Answer 10

reduce

Question 11

CKD can cause ____ Ca

Answer 11

low

Question 12

hypocalcemia sx

Answer 12

tetany (check Chvosteks sign)
cardiac abnormalities
seizures

Question 13

tetany

Answer 13

symptom of low Ca and low Mg
perioral numbness
paresthesias of hand and feet
severe muscle spasm