prostate cancer Flashcards
2nd most common cancer in males
prostate
2nd deadliest cancer in males
prostate
most common type of prostate cancer
adenocarcinoma
risk factors of prostate cancer
age >50
family history
BRCA2
symptoms of prostate cancer
mostly asymptomatic
some obstructive sx
back/bone pain if there are METS
initial diagnostic test for prostate cancer
DRE
most accurate test for prostate cancer
transrectal ultrasound guided needle biopsy
DRE findings for prostate cancer
hard nodular asymmetrical prostate
signs of metastatic prostate cancer
bone pain
neuro deficits
lymphedema
abnormal PSA threshold
> 4 ng/mL
Gleason heading system
determines malignant potential of prostate cancer
first number in Gleason tells you
the predominant or most plentiful cancer type present on biopsy
second number in Gleason tells you
secondary pattern on biopsy
which is worse: Gleason 3+4 or 4+3
4+3
what three factors determine prognosis of prostate cancer?
pre-tx PSA
Grade group
TNM stage
which pts need a bone scan
unfavorable intermediate and high risk pts
tx options for localized disease
active surveillance observation brachytherapy external beam radiation radical prostatectomy
treatment for pts with prostate cancer and a life expectancy <10 years
observation
treatment of advanced prostate cancer
external beam radiation therapy
hormonal tx with androgen deprivation (abiraterone)
chemo as a last resort
Gleason 9-10 is grade _
5
very high risk group is which gleason
primary Gleason 5
GnRH agonist used to treat androgen sensitive prostate cancer
leuprolide
adverse effects of prostatectomy
incontinence
ED
treatment of prostate cancer that is resistant after orchiectomy
local radiation with EBRT
