potassium disorders

Question 1

hyperkalemia serum

Answer 1

serum potassium > 5 mEq/L

Question 2

hyperkalemia is due to

Answer 2

increased K intake
decreased K excretion
increased K shift ECF

Question 3

pseudohyperkalemia is due to

Answer 3

hemolysis from venipuncture

Question 4

decreased renal K excretion is due to

Answer 4

acute or chronic kidney disease

Question 5

endocrine causes of hyperkalemia

Answer 5

hypoaldoteronism

Question 6

rx cause of hyperkalemia

Answer 6

potassium sparing diuretics
ACE I
ARBs
NSAIDs
TMPSMX

Question 7

symptoms of hyperkalemia

Answer 7

weakness
paralysis
arrhythmias
ileus

Question 8

ECG showing hyperkalemia features

Answer 8

peaked T waves then sine wave

Question 9

management of mild hyperkalemia

Answer 9

recheck K+ levels to rule out hemolysis

Question 10

management of significantly elevated K or ECG changes

Answer 10

IV calcium gluconate to stabilize myocardium

insulin and glucose

beta 2 agonists

Question 11

type IV RTA can cause

Answer 11

hyperkalemia

Question 12

what does increased K concentration do to cell membrane?

Answer 12

resting membrane potential becomes less negative and increases excitability

Question 13

ABG for hyperkalemia

Answer 13

metabolic acidosis
(high K, low pH)

Question 14

albuterol can treat

Answer 14

hyperkalemia

Question 15

next step in treatment of severe hyperkalemia after IV calcium gluconate

Answer 15

parenteral insulin with glucose

Question 16

K concentration is ____ in the cell and ____ outside the cell

Answer 16

high

low

Question 17

potassium in mainly reabsorbed in the

Answer 17

PCT

Question 18

non-renal causes of hypokalemia

Answer 18

vomiting

diarrhea

Question 19

renal causes of hypokalemia

Answer 19

diuretics
hyperaldosteronism
hypomagnesemia
type I and II RTA

Question 20

what can cause K to shift into cell?

Answer 20

insulin excess

alkalosis

Question 21

______ aldosterone causes hypokalemia

Answer 21

increased

Question 22

how does hypomagnesemia cause hypokalemia

Answer 22

low Mg disrupts NaK pump leading to increase K secretion by principal cells

this secretion is unchecked because Mg usually regulates secretion which cannot occur in hypomagnesemia

=excessive renal K wasting

Question 23

hypokalemia with normal or lowBP

Answer 23

Barter syndrome or Gitelman syndrome

Question 24

hypokalemia with high BP

Answer 24

Liddle syndrome

Question 25

Barter Syndrome inhibits ____ leading to _____

Answer 25

NKCC2

hypokalemia because NaKand Cl cannot be absorbed

Question 26

Gitelman Syndrome inhibits ____ leading to _____

Answer 26

NCC

hypokalemia

Question 27

hypokalemia symptoms

Answer 27

severe muscle weakness
decreased deep tendon reflexes
ileus
polyuria
rhabdomyolysis
hypotension
arrythmias

Question 28

hypokalemia serum

Answer 28

K <3.5 mEq/L

Question 29

alkalosis can cause ____ ECF K concentration

Answer 29

decreased

Question 30

hypokalemia treatment

Answer 30

oral KCl, IV if severe

Question 31

low ____ interferes with K repletion

Answer 31

Mg

Question 32

diagnostic test for hypokalemia

Answer 32

serum electrolytes

Question 33

increased insulin can ____ K

Answer 33

decrease

Question 34

laxative abuse can cause

Answer 34

hypokalemia