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renal > prostate gland diseases > Flashcards

prostate gland diseases Flashcards

1
Q

where is the prostate gland

A

at the base of the bladder and surround the urethra

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2
Q

prostate histology

A

fibromuscular tissue and glandular epithelial cells

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3
Q

prostatitis

A

inflammation of the prostate gland that can be infectious or noninfectious

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4
Q

most common bacteria associated with acute prostatitis for men >35

A

E. coli

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5
Q

most common bacteria causing acute prostatitis in men <35

A

chlamydia and gonorrhea

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6
Q

most common bacterial cause of chronic prostatitis

A

E. coli

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7
Q

general prostatitis irritative voiding symptoms

A

frequency
urgency
dysuria

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8
Q

general prostatitis obstructive symptoms

A 
hesitancy
poor or interrupted stream
straining to void
incomplete emptying
malaise
arthralgias
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9
Q

acute prostatitis symptoms

A

fever
chills
perineal pain
lower back/abdominal pain

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10
Q

chronic prostatitis symptoms

A

recurrent UTIs or intermittent dysfunction

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11
Q

acute prostatitis PE

A

very tender boggy prostate

warm and swollen

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12
Q

chronic prostatitis PE

A

contender boggy prostate

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13
Q

acute prostatitis diagnostic tests

A

urinalysis

blood tests

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14
Q

acute prostatitis urinalysis and lab findings

A

pyuria and bacteruria (E. coli!)
increased PSA
increased inflammatory markers

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15
Q

when to use prostatic massage

A

chronic prostatitis to increase bacterial yield on UA and culture

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16
Q

chronic pelvic pain syndrome sx

A

ED
painful ejaculation
bloody same
moderate an diffuse pain

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17
Q

bacterial prostatitis treatment

A

fluoroquinolone or TMPSMX

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18
Q

refractory chronic prostatitis tx

A

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

19
Q

BPH definition

A

benign glandular and stromal hyperplasia in the periurethral or transitional zone of the prostate leading to bladder outlet obstruction

20
Q

BPH is most common in ___ because…

A

older men because prostate hyperplasia is part of normal aging

21
Q

hormones involved in BPH

A

DHT
estrogens
both are prostatic growth factors

22
Q

testosterone is converted to ____ by _____

A

DHT by 5alpha reductase enzyme

23
Q

estrogen is ______ in BPH

A

elevated

24
Q

testosterone levels are ______ in BPH because

A

decreased because it is converted to DHT which leads to hyperplasia of prostate

25
Q

_______ causes irritative symptoms of BPH

A

detrusor overactivity

26
Q

static component of BPH

A

enlargement of the prostate gland

27
Q

dynamic component of BOH

A

increase in smooth muscle tone of prostate and bladder neck that is mediated through alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

28
Q

what happens to the detrusor muscle in BPH?

A

bladder muscle thickens due to increased pressure while voiding

29
Q

FUNWISE sx of BPH

A 
frequency
urgency
nocturia
weak stream
intermittent stream
straining 
emptying not complete
30
Q

DRE BPH findings

A

symmetrically enlarged smooth firm prostate with rubbery texture

31
Q

IPSS

A

international prostate symptom score that categorizes symptoms “bother” in the past 30 days

32
Q

AUASI

A

American Urological Association Symptom Index determine prostate disease severity and response to tx

33
Q

mild IPSS score tx

A

reassurance and watchful waiting for 1 year

34
Q

TURP

A

removes excess prostate tissue relieving obstruction in BPH

35
Q

TURP AEs

A

sexual dysfunction

urinary incontinence

36
Q

rapid symptom relief of BPH

A

alpha 1 blockers like tamsulosin

37
Q

suppresses prostate growth and can decrease prostate size

A

5 alpha reductase blockers like finasteride

38
Q

BPH complications

A 
recurrent UTI
bladder calculi
hydronephrosis
CKD
hematuria
39
Q

hydronephrosis is

A

dilation of renal pelvis, calyces or proximal ureter due to a distal obstruction leading to oliguria

40
Q

detrusor muscle hypertrophy can lead to

A

bladder trabeculation and pseudodiverticula formation

41
Q

irritative symptoms are due to

A

urinary storage

42
Q

obstructive urinary symptoms are due to

A

voiding issues from obstruction

43
Q

first line pharmacotherapy for symptomatic BPH

A

alpha blockers (-zosin)

44
Q

decrease bladder neck and retrial sphincter tone results in

A

decreased resistance to urinary outflow (more pee)

improves LUTS

renal (17 decks)

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