UROLITHS

Question 1

Main component of horses’ urine

Answer 1

calcium carb

Question 2

• formed in their urine; in charge of protecting the urinary tract particularly the lining of the urethra and urinary bladder

Answer 2

mucoproteins

Question 3

constituents of equine urine

Answer 3

Calcium carbonate
Inorganic elements (Mg, Ca-oxalate)
Other organic matrix components - Mucoproteins

Question 4

t/f urolithiasis in equine is as common as dogs

Answer 4

NOT AS COMMON AS UROLITHIASIS IN DOGS

Question 5

Pertains to macroscopic concretions of urine crystals in any portion of the urinary tract

Answer 5

urolithiasis

Question 6

Crystals stick together right after damage to urethra or to the ___ of the urinary bladder → crystals form into stones

Answer 6

transitional epithelium

Question 7

sign: the mucosa is hyperemic along with subserosal hemorrhages

Answer 7

sabulous urolithiasis

Question 8

Sandy or gritty sediment ventral bladder

Answer 8

sabulous urolithiasis

Question 9

sabulous urolithiasis occurs due to __

Answer 9

gravity

Question 10

sab. urolithiasis Accumulates in the __ of the urinary bladder

Answer 10

ventral aspect

Question 11

t/f Sabulous Urolithiasis is a true cystolith

Answer 11

f.

Question 12

Buhangin na lumalabas sa ihi

Answer 12

sabulous urolithiasis

Question 13

sex predilection of urolithiasis

Answer 13

males 76% geldings

Question 14

common location of urolithiasis

Answer 14

Bladder >urethra > kidneys > ureters

Highest in bladder (60% of urolithiasis cases being reported)
Urethra: 24% cases
Kidneys: around 12%
Ureters: around 3-4%
Multiple occasions (i.e., not just in one location; bladder + urethra, etc.): around 9%

Question 15

Large amount of these predisposes horses to urolithiasis

Answer 15

around 9%
CaCO3 + alkaline urine

Question 16

CS of urolithiasis

Answer 16

Dysuria
Hematuria (occasional)
More visible kung maraming dugo
Incontinence
Hindquarter stiffness
Mild colic
Mild abdominal pain
Abnormal penile protrusion
Reluctance to exercise

Question 17

Conservative MOT of urolithiasis

Answer 17

diet correction
electrolyte supplementation
avoid NSAID
catheterization

Question 18

risks of surgical MOT of urolithiasis - cystotomy

Answer 18

Horse is lying down on its back → open up the ventral abdomen → open up the bladder → remove stone

Question 19

in male horses - preferred treatment for urolithiasis;

Answer 19

Laparocystotomy

Question 20

pararectal gives access to bladder

Answer 20

true