Urinary Probs Flashcards
normal temp, hr and rr in horses
37.2-38.5
28-40
10-14
HORSE is semi stressed or in pain when HR is
> 40bpm
good measure of glomerular filtration rate
crea
can gauge kidney condition but not as reliable
BUN
when there is racing there is spike in
BUN
formula of crea clearance
urine vol x urine crea / time x serum crea x BW
normal crea clearance in equids
1.38 - 1.87 ml/min/kg
Better measure for kidney fxn
crea clearance
normal urine characteristics
semi viscous, opaque, yellow to brown
water intake of horses is ___% of BW
4-6
normal water intake of horses _L/_kg BW
5L/100kg
horses with urinary tract dz present with __ and ___
weight loss and abnormal urination
Telltale sign of issues with urinary system
scalding or staining with pus
Most common and most important sign to be noted
PUPD
sign telling general pain
pawing or colic
incr. in urine pdtn
polyuria
inc urine freq
pollakiuria
associated dz in polyuria
renal dz, diabetes, pituitary adenoma
associated dz in pollakiuria
estrus, cystitis, calculi
Shrinkage of kidneys, surface irregularity, irregular shape
CRF
Loc of right kidney
15th to 17th ICS dorsal and superficial
near tuber coxae
location of left kidney
15th to 17th ICS deep to spleen
until what area is the abdomen shaved
lateroventral side
method of catching urine
free catch
most common urinary concern reported
PUPD
what kidney: in situ near the base of spleen
left kidney
what kidney: near base of cecum
right
signs of AKD
Spike in kidney values
Severe impairment of filtration
Quick lethargy - acute occurrence
Nephrotoxic substances
Anorexia, depressed
Failure to produce urine
Complete anuria may happen
Proteinuria ++, low SG, hematuria (if traumatic cause or if with severe blockage)
Creatinine - can spike crazily/ too high (mas mataas compared CKD)
signs of CKD
Generally rare (or rarely reported)
Long term mismanagement
Weight loss (more gradual)
Edema; hypoNA, hypoCL
Edema: di na tama ang fluid balance and toxin filtration → inefficient body processes
PUPD: chronic case, marked
Crea: can significantly elevate in both conditions
AKD OR CKD: azotemia
AKD
causes of akd
Nephrotoxic substances
Obstructive
Crystals
Stones
If kidney is hit/kicked by other horses
Hemodynamic (rare)
Blood pressure problem or hypovolemia, thrombosis (rarer)
NSAIDs, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, oral antifungals, hemoglobi-/myoglobi-nuria
Common: NSAID excess/overdose
NSAID commonly used in horses e.g., fractures, pain, etc.
Not monitored steroid use
Sulfonamides: improper dosage, prolonged use
Aminoglycosides: most risky when used orally in horses – can cause acute kidney disease
AKD/CKD: decreased GFR
ckd
AKD/CKD: anorexia,wastin, peripheral edema
CKD
key in tx
Kidney flushed of toxins, poor diet?
Fix Electrolyte imbalance
Hydrate
most common strains of lepto in pH
Pomona & and icterohaemorrhagiae, hardjo (serovars)
lepto
abortion experienced on what part of gestation
mid to late term
tell-tale sign na lepto
uveitis - moon blindess
Suspect lepto if with the ff symptoms:
jaundiced gums, uveitis, fever, high RR
tx drug contraindicated for lepto since matapang
enrofloxacin
Cases of abscessation can be observed in injection sites of this drug
enroflox
very important because this is how you prevent lepto repeatedly
stable cleanining
