Urolithiasis Flashcards
Which two uroliths are radiolucent?
Cystine
Urate (ammonium biurate)
What is the treatment for a blocked urethra due to a urolith?
Correct hyperkalaemia
Voiding urohydropropulsion (non-surgical method of removing stones)
Medical management or surgery depending on urolith
Encourage water intake
Treat underlying UTIs
Which uroliths can be dissoluted and therefore medically managed?
Struvite
Urate
Cystine
(SUC)
Which uroliths cannot be dissoluted and most be removed surgically?
Phosphate (calcium phopshate)
Oxalate (calcium oxalate)
Silicate
What urolith may be seen in urine of an animal with PSS or hepatic insufficiency?
Ammonium biurate
Ammonium biurate is a normal finding in which dog breeds?
Dalmation
English bulldog
Which uroliths are found in alkaline urine?
Struvite
Calcium phosphate
Which uroliths are found in acidic urine?
Urate
Cystine
(radiolucent uroliths)
Uroliths are generally found more in males than females, apart from which urolith?
Struvite
Which urolith is seen with ethylene gylcol toxicity
Calcium oxalate monohydrate
What is the treatment for calcium oxalate crystals?
Surgical removal
Potassium citrate to alkalinise urine
What dog breeds are prone to calcium oxalate crystals?
Yorkie
Mini Schnauzer
Cystine crystals are an inherited disorder of the renal tubular transport. What breeds are predisposed?
Dachshunds
English Bulldog
Silicates are associated with a diet high in…
Corn, gluten or soya beans
(or soil ingestion)
What breeds are predisposed to silicate uroliths?
German Shepherd
Golden Retriever
Labrador
Which urolith requires antibiotics throughout medical treatment/dissolution?
Struvite
Name the urolith, it’s treatment and what is associated with it
Calcium oxalate monohydrate
Surgical removal
Associated with ethylene glycol and hypercalcaemia
Seen in Yorkies and Mini Schnauzers
Name the urolith, it’s treatment and what it’s associated with
Struvite
Medical dissolution with ABs throughout
Associated with females and UTIs
Name the urolith, it’s treatment and what it’s associated with
Ammonium biurate (urate)
Medical dissolution
Normal in English Bulldogs and Dalmatians, also seen with PSS and liver disease
Name the urolith, it’s treatment and what it’s associated with
Cystine
Medical dissolution
Inherited disorder, seen with English Bulldogs, Dachshunds
Name the urolith, it’s treatment and what it is associated with
Silicate
Surgical removal
Associated with eating soil or diets high in gluten, corn or soya. German Shepherds, Labradors and Golden Retrievers
Name the urolith, its treatment and what it’s associated with
Calcium phopshate
Surgical removal
Associated with hypercalcaemia and metabolic diseases
