Incontinence Flashcards
Incontinence is more common in bitches than dogs, and is rare in cats. What disease may it be linked to?
FIV/FeLV
What are the two types of ectopic ureters?
Intra-mural - enters bladder at correct location but tunnels down into abnormal area
Extra-mural - distal ureter implants into abnormal area without tunnelling
What is an ectopic ureter? Are they usually uni or bilateral?
Congenital bypassing of the bladder
Urine empties into the urethra, vagina or rectum
Bilateral
How are ectopic ureters treated?
Early surgical management
Treat underlying UTIs
What is the most common cause of feline urinary incontinence and what is the prognosis?
Neurogenic
Following tail pull or sacral fracture
(Poor prognosis)
Feline incontinence may be due to a neurogenic, iatrogenic or juvenile problem. Give an example of a procedure that may cause iatrogenic urinary incontinence
Perineal urethrostomy
Ureteral obstruction can intraluminal, intramural or extramural. What is a sequelae of prolonged obstruction?
Hydronephrosis
What is the treatment for ureteral obstruction?
Subcutaneous urethral bypass surgery - refer
Ureteric trauma/avulsion causes urine to accumulate in the retroperitoneum. How is it diagnosed?
Intravenous urography
What is the treatment for ureteric trauma or avulson?
Correct electrolye/metabolic imbalances
Spontaneous repair or surgery
USMI is the most common cause of incontinence in bitches. Is it neurogenic or non-neurogenic?
Non-neurogenic
USMI signs include involuntary passing of urine. Does this occur when stressed relaxed?
Relaxed
Give examples of risk factors for USMI
Hormonal - neutering before 1st season
Obesity
Low urethral tone
What is the treatment for USMI in females?
Phenylpropanolamine or ephedrine
+/- surgery
(weight loss, treatment of UTI etc)
What surgeries can be used to treat USMI?
Colposuspension
Urethropexy
Hydraulic occluder
