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Urinary (SA) > Acute kidney injury > Flashcards

Acute kidney injury Flashcards

1
Q

Ethylene glycol toxicity is more common in cats than dogs. How does it affect calcium levels?

A

Severe hypocalcaemia

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2
Q

How is ethylene glycol toxicity diagnosed by urinaysis?

A

Presence of calcium oxolate monohydrate

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3
Q

How is ethylene glycol toxicity treated?

A

Induce vomiting ASAP
Antidote: fomepizole or medical grade ethanol/vodka
IVFT

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4
Q

Which antibiotics are nephrotoxic and ototoxic to cats and dogs? Give examples

A

Aminoglycosides

Neomycin, amikacin, gentamicin

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5
Q

Which aminoglycoside antibiotic is NOT nephrotoxic and ototoxic?

A

Clindamycin

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6
Q

What are the 4 stages of acute kidney injury and which is the first stage where symptoms are seen?

A

Initiation
Extension
Maintenance - 1st clinical signs seen
Recovery

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7
Q

How does acute kidney injury differ from chronic kidney disease in terms of weight loss and history?

A

AKI - good body condition and coat, acute onset of signs +/- history of toxin exposure
CKD - weight loss and poor coat, previous history of PUPD, anorexia or GI signs

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8
Q

Which type of kidney disease (chronic or acute) is seen with anaemia, and what type of anaemia is it?

A

Chronic

Non-regenerative (due to decqreased erythropoietin)

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9
Q

How does acute kidney injury differ from chronic kidney disease in terms of potassium levels?

A

Acute - +/- hyperkalaemia

Chronic - normal or hypokalaemia

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10
Q

What supportive treatment should be given for acute kidney injury?

A

Fluid therapy
Maropitant for vomiting
Amlodipine/hydralazine - anti-hypertensive
(dialysis)

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11
Q

How is the hyperkalaemia seen with AKI corrected?

A

IVFT
Calcium gluconate
Insulin
Sodium bicarbonate

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12
Q

How is the anuria/oliguria seen with AKI corrected (which 2 drugs)?

A

Furosemide

Mannitol

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13
Q

How do you know if an animal with IVFT due to AKI is having a volume overload?

A

Weigh twice daily

Respiratory signs - pulmonary oedema

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14
Q

If an animal with acute kidney injury is not eating, an O tube can be placed. What diet should they be given?

A

High fat, high protein recovery diet

In catabolic state - require high energy

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15
Q

Name some toxins that can cause AKI in cats and dogs

A

Ethylene glycol
Ibuprofen
Grapes

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Urinary (SA) (9 decks)

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