Glomerulopathies Flashcards
What is the hallmark of glomerulopathies?
Proteinuria
What are normal levels of protein in the urine and what is classed as proteinuria?
<0.2 = normal 0.2-2 = proteinuria due to tubulointerstitial disease >2 = proteinuria due to glomerulopathy
Give 3 examples of infective causes of glomerulopathies
Leptospirosis
Leishmania
Toxoplasma
Glomerulopathies can be acquired or familial. Give examples of systemic conditions that may lead to a glomerulopathy
Cushing’s
Severe pancreatitis
SIRS/endotoxaemia
Give examples of what changes may be seen on biochemistry of an animal with a glomerulopathy
Hypoalbuminaemia
Hypercholesterolaemia
Hypertension
Elevated UPC
Glomerulopathies may cause nephrotic syndrome. What is nephrotic syndrome?
Hypoalbuminaemia Hypercholesterolaemia Ascites Proteinuria (How happy are pigs?)
How may glomerulopathies be diagnosed? What is the gold standard?
Proteinuria >2
Gold standard = kidney biopsy
What is the treatment for glomerulopathies?
PREVENT EMBOLISM - clopidogrel, daletparin, raivaroxaban
Anti-tensive medication: amlodipine or telmisartan (cats), benazepril then amlodipine (dogs)
Immunosuppression if immune-mediated
Diet: highly digestible protein with omega-2 supplements
What drugs are used for anti-hypertensives for dogs? What about cats?
Dogs - benazepril, amlodipine
Cats - telmisartan, amlodipine
What can be used to treat oedema seen with glomerulopathies?
Furosemide - pulmonary effusion or hyperK
Spironolactone - pleural or ascites
Give an example of a non-immune mediated glomerulopathy
Amyloidosis
What is amyloidosis?
Formation and deposit of amyloid plaques in glomeruli
What 2 dog breeds are prediposed to amyloidosis?
Shar-Pei
Beagle
What 2 cat breeds are predisposed to amyloidosis?
Abysinnian
Siamese
Amyloidosis is rapidly progressive. It is seen with a very high UPC, above what figure?
> 9
