UROGENTIAL SYSTEM Flashcards
removes nitrogenous wastes from the body as urine, and it also regulates osmotic pressure.
urinary system
produces the gametes (the male’s sperm and female’s ova) necessary for the formation of offspring. It also includes the structures involved in the sexual transfer of sperm to ova and in the protection, development, and birth of young.
reproductive system
Partially embedded on the dorsal surface of the abdominal cavity are two bean-shaped organs, the _____. The ______ filter waste from the bloodstream, regulate the amount of water in the rabbit, and maintain appropriate concentrations of certain ions.
kidneys
As you examine the interior of the kidney, note the outer portion, the _______, and the inner portion, the _______.
renal cortex
renal medulla
As you examine the kidneys, notice the___________, which carry blood into and out of the kidney.
renal artery and renal vein
Also notice the _______, part of the endocrine system, one of which is medial to each kidney.
adrenal glands
The filter waste from the bloodstream and produce _____. The _______ moves from the kidneys through the ureter to the urinary bladder, where it accumulates.
urine
As the bladder fills, it is stimulated to contract, expelling the urine out through the ________.
urethra
In the female rabbit, the urethra empties into the _______________,
urogenital sinus
whereas in the male it continues to the ______, joining the reproductive system.
penis
In males the hormone ________, are produced in the testes, two organs situated in the scrotum.
testosterone and the sperm (the male gametes)
The ________ are white, marbled, ovoid structures.
testes
Examine the interior of the testis, noting the _________ where sperm are produced.
coiled tubules, seminiferous tubules,
Examine the anterior portion of the uncut testis and locate the ____, a tightly coiled tube that collects and stores sperm cells.
epididymis
During ejaculation, the sperm are released from the epididymis to the __________, which transfers sperm from a testis to the urethra.
ductus deferens
At the base of the bladder lies the ________, which secretes a fluid into the ductus deferens. This fluid combines with the sperm and with fluid from the prostate to produce semen.
seminal vesicle
The _______ is seen as a thickening of the dorsal wall of the seminal vesicle.
prostate
The ______ passes through the urethra and out through the tip of the penis.
semen
The free end of the penis, the glans penis, typically lies within a pouch of skin called the __________.
prepuce
Inside the glans penis is a small bone called the _________, which stabilizes the penis during copulation.
baculum
In female specimens, the ova, female gametes, are produced by the _______. The __________ can be found in the dorsal wall of the abdomen caudal to the kidneys.
ovaries
Once the ova mature, they are released from the ovaries into the _________.
fallopian tubes
Unlike humans, rabbits release ________ eggs at one time. Fertilization of these eggs typically produces a litter of 4 to 12 kits.
multiple
The fallopian tubes transport the eggs from the ovaries to the _____ . Rabbits have paired _____, a distinct left uterus and right uterus, each with a muscular wall that distinguishes them from the fallopian tubes.
uteri
Each uterus enters the anterior of the vagina though a separate ______ terminating at the external uterine aperture.
cervix
The vagina and the urethra (from the urinary system), converge at the _____________, which opens to the exterior at the vestibular opening, or urogenital orifice.
vestibule, or urogenital sinus
Houses the testes
Scrotal sacs
produce sperm
Testes
stores sperm
Epididymis
Transports sperm to urethra
Vas deferens
Receives seminal secretions from testes and accessory glands
Urethra
Deposits semen in female reproductive tract
Penis
Secrete alkaline fluid to neutralize acidity of vagina and provide lubrication
Preputial glands
Contribute seminal fluid containing nutrients for sperm and hormones to stimulate uterine contractions
Bulbourethral glands and prostate gland
Produce secretions that mix together, coagulate in the vagina, and form a vaginal plug
Seminal vesicles and coagulating glands
Covers opening to vagina
Vulva (labia)
Produce eggs
Ovaries
Receive eggs at ovulation; site of fertilization
Fallopian tubes
Sites of implantation and embryonic development
Uterine horns
Drains excretory products from urinary bladder (no reproductive function in female)
Urethra
Plays a role in sexual sensation and stimulation
Clitoris
Receives penis during copulation; serves as part of birth canal
Vagina
Supplies blood to the kidney
Renal artery
Transports filtered blood away from kidney to caudal vena cava
Renal vein
Brings blood to each nephron to be filtered
Afferent arteriole
Carries unfiltered portion of blood away from glomerulus to the capillary beds surrounding convoluted tubules and loop of Henle
Efferent arteriole
Capillary bed that forces fluid containing salts, glucose vitamins, and nitrogenous wastes out of the bloodstream
Glomerulus
Epithelial layer surrounding glomerulus that receives filtrate from the glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Series of tubules that selectively remove sodium chloride, potassium, water, and other nutrients from the nephron, and return them to the bloodstream
Proximal convoluted tubules
Capillary bed surrounding the convoluted tubules
Peritubular arteries
Long extension of the nephron tubule that descends into the medulla of the kidney, forming a concentration gradient that removes additional water and sodium chlonde, and produces a highly concentrated urine
Loop of Henle
Series of tubules that selectively remove additional water and sodium chloride, but retain potassium
Distal convoluted tubules
Several nephrons converge on a single _________, which further concentrates urine while passing it along to the ureter
Collecting ducts
Transports urine to the urinary bladder
Ureter
Stores urine
Urinary bladder
