Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LBBBIO3 > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

There are two body cavities separated by a thin sheet of muscle called the _________.

A

diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The exposed cavity in the stoamch region is the __________.

A

abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anterior to abdominal cavity and separated by the diaphragm is the _________.

A

thoracic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A prominent organ in the anterior of the abdominal cavity is the __________.

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The iver is a reddish- brown organ is divided into right and left lobes by the __________.

A

falciform ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Each of these lobes is further divided into median and lateral lobes, for a total of ___________ lobes of the liver.

A

four

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The ________ produces some amino acids, filters the blood, converts harmful substances into harmless ones, and helps to regulate blood sugar.

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Additionally, in the digestive system, the liver produces _________, which emulsifies fat during digestion.

A

bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The bile produced by the liver is stored in the __________. Raise the right lobe of the liver and observe the _______, a dark, greenish-yellow sac.

A

gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Each swallow of food forms a _________, which travels from the mouth down the esophagus.

A

bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The majority of the _________, located in the thoracic cavity, is best examined during observation of the circulatory system. Some small portion may be visible at the most anterior portion of the stomach.

A

esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

After leaving the esophagus, the food reaches the _______, located on the left side of the rabbit, beneath the diaphragm.

A

stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The stomach consists of four portions:

A

the cardia, the fundus, the body, and the pylorus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The __________ is the area where the stomach joins the esophagus.

A

cardiac portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In this section, the ___________ separates the esophagus from the stomach. (Malfunction of this _______ is a cause of acid reflux in humans.)

A

cardiac sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The ____________ is the upper curve of the stomach that lies to the left side of the esophagus.

A

fundus portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The body is the main portion of the _____.

A

stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The __________ lies to the right of the esophagus and terminates in the pyloric sphincter

A

pyloric section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which separates the stomach from the duodenum.

A

pyloric sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the first portion of the small intestine

A

duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Though not part of the digestive system, the _________ is located on the greater curvature of the stomach, the larger convex curve. It is a small, dark, reddish-brown organ. The _______ is part of the lymphatic system and is designed to filter blood.

A

spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

From the stomach, the chyme travels through the pyloric sphincter into the ________, the first section of the small intestine.

A

duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The caudal end of the ileum is modified into a round muscular enlargement called the _________. The _____________ is a structure found only in rabbits. It has a large amount of lymphoid tissue and is involved in the immune system.

A

sacculus rotundus

24
Q

The small intestine is lined with thousands of circular folds, the _________.

A

plicae circulares

25
Q

There are also small projections called _______ in the small intestine.

A

villi

26
Q

Each ____________ has its own projections, the microscopic, hair-like microvilli. The folds and projections increase the surface area of the small intestine and maximize the absorption of nutrients.

A

villus

27
Q

The small intestine ends at the ___________.

A

ileocecal valve

28
Q

Within the mesentery of the small intestine is the __________, a pinkish-brown, somewhat granular mass. The ______________ opens to the small intestine through the pancreatic duct at the caudal end of the duodenum. It is part of both the digestive and endocrine systems and secretes both enzymes and hormones.

A

pancreas

29
Q

Materials exit the small intestine through the sacculus rotundus to the large intestine-first to a short compartment called the ___________ (a connection between the cecum and the colon) and then to the colon.

A

ampulla cecalis coli

30
Q

In the first section of the colon, the _________, special contractions separate the more-digestible from the less-digestible materials and force the nutritious components backward into the cecum.

A

proximal colon

31
Q

The rougher materials continue along the __________.

A

distal colon

32
Q

The ___________ is a large, coiled blind sac that extends from the sacculus rotundus. The ________ makes up a larger proportion of the digestive tract in rabbits than in any other group of animals, and it is critical to the digestion of their food.

A

cecum

33
Q

Within the cecum, bacteria break down the material through ______.

A

fermentation

34
Q

At certain times, material from the cecum is released to the colon where it is coated in mucus and excreted through the anus in the form of soft balls called ________, also known as _________.

A

cecotropes

night feces or soft feces

35
Q

Rabbits immediately eat their _____________, and the materials pass again through the digestive system. The rabbit extracts additional nutrients from the food this time, due to the fermentative changes that occurred in the cecum.

A

cecotropes

36
Q

Rabbits’ digestion exemplifies one type of ___________.

A

hindgut fermentation

37
Q

Cattle and other ruminants are called __________ because microbial fermentation of their food occurs before the food reaches the intestine.

A

“foregut fermenters”

38
Q

Although the rabbit colon can be divided into the ascending, transverse, and descending colon, it is usually discussed in terms of the __________.

A

proximal and distal colon

39
Q

A short, muscular portion called the _________ marks the division between the two. This section helps regulate the complex events that move materials either forward or backward and that determine whether cecotropes or dry feces are being produced.

A

fusus coli

40
Q

The beginning section of the proximal colon has a lumpy appearance because it includes many pouches called ___________ between longitudinal bands called _______.

A

haustra

taenia

41
Q

The _________ is a long, twisted tube that terminates with the rectum. Both dry feces and cecotropes exit the anus.

A

distal colon

42
Q

Mechanically break down food

A

Teeth

43
Q

Secrete digestive enzymes (eg, amylase) to begin chemical breakdown of foods; secrete mucous to lubricate food for swallowing

A

Salivary glands

44
Q

Transports food to stomach

A

Esophagus

45
Q

Stomach Produces ____ and ____ that aid in the chemical breakdown of food

A

hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen

46
Q

Receives chyme from the stomach along with bile and digestive enzymes from the liver and pancreas; furthers chemical digestion of food

A

Duodenum

47
Q

Produces bile, converts glucose to glycogen for storage; detoxifies many constituents of the absorbed digested compounds

A

Liver

48
Q

Stores bile for delivery to duodenum for breakdown of fats

A

Gallbladder

49
Q

Produces digestive enzymes and delivers them through pancreatic ducts to duodenum

A

Pancreas

50
Q

Responsible for majority of nutrient absorption and some reabsorption of water

A

Jejunum

51
Q

Continues process of nutrient absorption and reabsorption of water

A

Ileum

52
Q

In herbivores, a large structure containing anaerobic bacteria and protozoans responsible for the breakdown of cellulose; this structure has a reduced appearance and function in carnivores and omnivores

A

Cecum

53
Q

Secretes water and bicarbonate ions into the cecum to assist in cellulose digestion

A

Vermiform appendix*

54
Q

Responsible for reabsorption of water and electrolytes, produces feces

A

Colon

55
Q

Final site of water reabsorption and feces dehydration

A

Rectum

56
Q

Regulates egestion of undigested food (feces) from the body

A

Anus

LBBBIO3 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions