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LBBBIO3 > TAXONOMIC GROUP OF SELECTED ANIMALS > Flashcards

TAXONOMIC GROUP OF SELECTED ANIMALS Flashcards

1
Q

uniting trait of echinoderms, hemichordate, chordate

A

Deuterostomes

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2
Q

Chordata subphylums

A

Urochordata, cephalochordate, vertebrata

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3
Q

subphylum
half of chordate characteristics

A

hemichordate

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4
Q

subphylum
Most have an endoskeleton

A

vertebrates

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5
Q

subphylum
resemble the earliest chordates, all lack bones

A

Cephalochordate

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6
Q

all marine, all lack bones

A

Urochordates

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7
Q

All three taxa share a common body design, 5 fundamental features:

A

Notochord
Pharyngeal slits
Endostyle or Thyroid gland
Dorsal hollow nerve cord
Post – anal tail

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8
Q

Protochordates

A

Subphylum Urochordata
Subphylum Cephalochordata

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9
Q

Jawless vertebrates (agnathans)

A

Superclass Cyclostoma

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10
Q

Jawed vertebrates

A

Superclass Gnathostoma

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11
Q

Cartilaginous fishes

A

Class Chondrichthyes

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12
Q

ray-finned fishes

A

Class Actinopterygii

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13
Q

lobe-finned fishes

A

Class Sarcopterygii

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14
Q

lowest 4 legged vertebrates, naked and slimy skin, and living near or in water

A

Class Amphibia

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15
Q

air breathing vertebrate, horny scales

A

Class Reptilia

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16
Q

vertebrate with feathers

A

Class Aves

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17
Q

vertebrate with hair and mammary glands

A

Class Mammalia

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18
Q

Phylum Hemichordata example

A

acorn worm

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19
Q

3 body regions of acorn worm

A

proboscis
collar
body trunk

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20
Q

Marine worm, related to echinoderms and chordates

A

acorn worm

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21
Q

3 regions of acorn worm

A

branchiogenital or thoracic
hepatic
abdominal

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22
Q

hollow cavity, spans the organisms

A

coelom

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23
Q

Within the proboscis
extension of digestive tract in acorn worm

A

stomochord

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24
Q

Food enters the mouth
together with the water

Pharynx to gut

Water exists to the _____ in acorn worms

A

pharyngeal slits

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25
Q

Salient points of the internal anatomy in acorn worm

A

❖ Collar nerve cord
❖ Pharyngeal gill slits
❖ Stomochord

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26
Q

pharyngeal slits open into each ___________ a common compartment of the branchial pore that opens up to the environment

A

branchial pouch

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27
Q

arises from the embryo as an outpocketing roof of the embryonic gut anterior to the pharynx

retains a connection to what will become the buccal cavity

They usually enlarge towards the cavity of the proboscis to form the pre oral diverticulum

A

Stomochord

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28
Q

Lower Chordates
unicates / sea squirts

A

Subphylum Urochordata

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29
Q

Subphylum Urochordata

Free-swimming larva
Sessile adult stage and tail is reabsorbed
Larva exhibits all 5 characteristics of chordates

A

Class Ascidiacea

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30
Q

Subphylum Urochordata

Tiny marine animals
resided in planktonic communities

A

Class Larvacea

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31
Q

Subphylum Urochordata

Free-living
Derivatives of adult Ascidiaceans

A

Class Thaliacea

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32
Q

example Subphylum Urochordata

A

Molgula, pandocia

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33
Q

Oval sac like creature, scarcely resemble and animal
Rough irregular form, food and debris adhere to it

A

Urochordata

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34
Q

2 opening siphons in Urochordata

A

Oral siphon – incurrent, upper
Atrial siphon – excurrent, lower

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35
Q

Urochordata

Outer layer is thick and tough, sometimes gelatinous, wart, secreted by ectoderm beneath it

is so transparent that practically all of the internal organs are visible through it.

A

tunic

36
Q

Urochordata

is attached to the underlying body only at the siphons.

A

tunic

37
Q

soft body wall

attachment to siphons, cavity in the inside. The soft body wall encloses the viscera. Seen when tunic is removed

A

mantle

38
Q

genus of sea squirts in the Class: Ascidiacea

A

Ciona

39
Q

Urochordata

The muscle fibers which operate the siphons may be visible as stripes in the mantle; they are conspicuous in ______

A

Ciona

40
Q

Urochordata

incloses the viscera which tend to adhere to it, so that its removal without injury to the viscera is difficult.

A

mantle

41
Q

Urochordata
oral siphon leads to a large thin-walled bag, extend to the length of the body

A

Pharynx

42
Q

Urochordata
cavity next to the pharynx, communicates to the exterior of the atrial siphon

A

Atrium

43
Q

cephalochordate example

A

Lancet / amphioxus

44
Q

Acrania

A

cephalochordate

45
Q

Body shape of amphioxus

A

slender, narrow, fishlike, and compressed laterally body shape, pointed at terminal ends

46
Q

amphioxus

at the bottom of which the mouth is located

The ventral and greater part of the head consists of an expanded membrane, the oral hood, which incloses a cavity

A

Stomodeum or vestibule

47
Q

amphioxus

The borders of the oral hood are extended into a series of stiff ______

A

tentacles or cirri.

48
Q

amphioxus

ventral side up and observe that the flattened portion of the ventral surface is bounded laterally by two membranous folds

extending posteriorly from the oral hood

A

metapleural folds, or lateral fins

49
Q

amphioxus

These folds meet at a point nearly three-fourths of the distance from anterior to posterior end, behind a median opening, the

A

atriopore

50
Q

amphioxus

ventral side, behind the point where fin widens

A

Anal opening

51
Q

amphioxus

The greater part of the muscle layer consists of the lateral muscles, forming the side walls of the body, and divided into a large number of V-shaped muscle segments

A

myotomes

52
Q

amphioxus

Immediately below the ventral terminations of the myotomes will be seen, in some individuals at least, a row of square white masses,

A

gonads or reproductive organs

53
Q

amphioxus

grooves where minute food is caught

A

Hatschek groove

54
Q

amphioxus

best recognized by the row of black pigment spots which it bears. These pigment spots have been shown to be sensitive to light.

A

neural tube

55
Q

Round-mouth fishes

A

Order Cyclostomata

56
Q

hagfish

A

Suborder Myxinoidea

57
Q

Order Cyclostomata taxa

A

Subphylum Vertebrata:
Superclass Cyclostoma
Class Agnatha

58
Q

difference of Myxine and Bdellostoma

A

Myxine is pouched and Bdellostoma is smooth

59
Q

Lamprey scientific name

A

Petromyzon marinus

60
Q

amphioxus-like appearance Order Cyclostomata

A

Ammocoetes larvae

61
Q

Class Agnatha

Oral hood without lower jaw
Typical segmentation
with myotomes
Circulatory system
rounded myotomes

A

Ammocoetes larvae

62
Q

This name, meaning jawed, includes all of the classes of vertebrates, except Cyclostomata.

A

Gnathostoma

63
Q

This term, meaning without jaws, is synonymous with Cyclostomata

A

Agnathostomata

64
Q

fishes with a cartilaginous skeleton and exposed gill slits, including the dogfish, skates, sharks, etc.

A

Class Chondrichtyes
Order Elasmobranchii,

65
Q

Class Chondrichtyes
Order Elasmobranchii

A whitish line,______, extends along each side of the body; it contains sensory cells whose function is the detection of vibration in the water. Through the skin the zigzag muscle segments or myotomes similar to those of Amphioxus can often be perceived.

A

lateral line

66
Q

Class Chondrichtyes
Order Elasmobranchii

pointed extremity of the head

A

rostrum

67
Q

Class Chondrichtyes
Order Elasmobranchii

3 pairs of sensory organs

A

olfactory sac
eyes
ears-endolymphatic duct

68
Q

Just behind each eye is a circular opening, the first gill slit or

through which water enters in the respiratory movements.

slits communicate with the cavity of the pharynx.

A

spiracle

69
Q

body shape of dog fish

A

fusiform

70
Q

tail or caudal fin of dogfish

A

heterocercal

71
Q

In male dogfishes, the medial side of each pelvic fin is modified into a stout process directed posteriorly. These processes are called __________ and are used by the males in mating with the females. All of the fins are supported by slender flexible rays, the dermal fin rays, imbedded in the skin of the fins.

A

claspers

72
Q

taxa of manta ray

A

Subphylum Vertebrata:
Superclass Gnathostoma
Class Chondrichthyes
Order Elasmobranchii

73
Q

Order Holocephali taxa

A

Subphylum Vertebrata:
Superclass Gnathostoma
Class Chondrichthyes

74
Q

body shape
skin texture
large head with staring eyes
pectoral and pelvic fins
Claspers
common cavity and operculum
tapers at the end
lateral line system

A

Order Holocephali

75
Q

is believed to be the perception of water vibrations of low frequency

there is present a system of sense organs,

In fishes and Amphibia

A

lateral line system

76
Q

Order Holostei example

A

garpike

77
Q

scales - ganoid
elongated toothed jaws
snout
absent of spiracles
bony operculum
median and paired fins
lepidotrichia
tail – heterocercal approaching homocercal type

A

Order Holostei
Suborder Lepidosteoidei

78
Q

Ray-finned fishes

A

Subclass Actinopterygii or Teleostomi

79
Q

typical bony fishes

A

Order Teleostei

80
Q

Order Teleostei
attached to the ventral margin of the operculum is a membrane, ________, supported by seven bony rays, the branchiostegal rays.

A

branchiostegal membrane,

81
Q

receives the products of the kidneys and reproductive organs and dis- charges them to the exterior through an opening at its tip, the urogenital aperture

A

urogenital papilla

82
Q

scales of Order Holostei

A

ganoid scale

83
Q

scales of Order Teleostei

A

cycloid scale
ctenoid scale

84
Q

scales of cartillagenous fish

A

placoid scale

85
Q
A

LBBBIO3 (13 decks)

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