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ANAPHY > UROGENITAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

UROGENITAL SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Two main functions of urinary system

A
  • Elimination of waste products
  • Regulate aspects of homeostasis
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2
Q

Organs of the urinary system

A
  • Kidneys
  • Ureters
  • Urinary bladder
  • Urethra
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3
Q

location: against the dorsal body wall, at the level of T12 to L3

A

Kidneys

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4
Q

Which is slightly lower, left or right?

A

Right kidney

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5
Q

These covering surrounds each kidney

A

Renal capsule

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6
Q

These coverings provide protection to the kidney, and helps keep the kidney in its correct location.

A

Adipose capsule

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7
Q

Regions of the kidney:

A

Renal cortex, Renal medulla, Renal pelvis

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8
Q

Outer region of the kidney

A

Renal cortex

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9
Q

A region of the kidney which is inside the cortex

A

Renal medulla

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10
Q

A region of the kidney which is the inner connecting tube

A

Renal pelvis

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11
Q

Triangular regions of tissue in the medulla

A

Medulla pyramids

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12
Q

Extensions of cortex-like material inward

A

Renal columns

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13
Q

Cup-shaped structures that funnel urine towards the renal pelvis

A

Calyces

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14
Q

The structural and functional units of the kidneys

A

Nephrons

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15
Q

Responsible for forming urine

A

Nephrons

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16
Q

Main structures of the nephrons:

A

Glomerulus, Renal tubule

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17
Q

A specialized capillary bed, which is attached to arterioles on both sides (maintains high pressure)

A

Glomerulus

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18
Q

Two tubes connecting to glomerulus:

A

Large afferent arteriole, Narrow efferent arteriole

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19
Q

Types of nephrons:

A
  • Cortical nephrons
  • Juxtamedullary nephrons
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20
Q

Located entirely in the cortex, which includes most nephrons

A

Cortical nephrons

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21
Q

Found at the boundary of the cortex and medulla

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

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22
Q

Arise from efferent arteriole of the glomerulus, which is attached to a venule where the reabsorption of some substances from collecting tubes occur

A

Peritubular capillaries

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23
Q

Urine formation processes

A
  • Filtration
  • Reabsorption
  • Secretion
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24
Q

Nonselective passive process

A

Filtration

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25
Q

Water and solutes smaller than proteins are forced through capillary walls; Blood cells cannot pass out to the capillaries

A

Filtration

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26
Q

Filtrate is collected in the ______________ and leaves via the ________________

A

Glomerular capsule, Renal tube

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27
Q

The peritubular capillaries reabsorb several materials

A

Some water, Glucose, Amino acids, Ions

28
Q

Where does most of reabsorption occurs?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

29
Q

Materials that are not reabsorbed

A

Nitrogenous waste products:
- Urea
- Uric acid
- Creatinine
Excess water

30
Q

Some materials (hydrogen and potassium ions) move from the peritubular capillaries into the _________________.

A

Renal tubules

31
Q

Materials left in the renal tubule move towards the _________________.

A

Ureter

32
Q

Reabsorption occurs in ____________________

A

Proximal tubule, Loop of henle

33
Q

Secretion occurs in ______________

A

Distal tube

34
Q

Normal pH of urine

A

6

35
Q

Slender tubes attaching the kidney to the bladder

A

Ureter

36
Q

What aids gravity in urine transport

A

Peristalsis

37
Q

Smooth, collapsible, muscular sac, which temporarily stores urine

A

Urinary bladder

38
Q

Urinary bladder has three openings which is called?

A

Trigone

39
Q

Three openings of the urinary bladder come from the _____________ and one to the __________

A

Ureters, Urethra

40
Q

Three layers of smooth muscle of urinary bladder wall is called?

A

Detrusor muscle

41
Q

Can bladder expand significantly without increasing internal pressure?

A

Yes

42
Q

Thin-walled tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body by peristalsis

A

Urethra

43
Q

Release of urine is controlled by two sphincters:

A
  • Internal urethral sphincter (involuntary)
  • External urethral sphincter (voluntary)
44
Q

Length of urethra for female

A

3-4 cm/1 inch

45
Q

Length of male urethra

A

20 cm/8 inches

46
Q

Both sphincter muscles must open to allow voiding

A

Micturition

47
Q

Normal amount of water in young adult females

A

50%

48
Q

Normal amount of water in young adult males

A

60%

49
Q

Normal amount of water in babies

A

75%

50
Q

Normal amount of water in old age

A

40%

51
Q

Intracellular fluid volume

A

25 L, 40% body weight

52
Q

Extracellular fluid volume

A

15 L, 20%

53
Q

Interstitial fluid volume

A

12 L, 80%

54
Q

Plasma volume

A

3 L, 20%

55
Q

Sources for water output:

A
  • Vaporization out of the lungs
  • Lost in perspiration
  • Leaves the body in the feces
  • Urine production
56
Q

This regulating hormone prevents excessive water loss in urine.

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

57
Q

This regulating hormone regulates sodium ion content of extracellular fluid

A

Aldosterone

58
Q

What triggered the release of aldosterone

A

Rennin-angiotensin mechanism

59
Q

Blood pH must remain between ___ and _____ to maintain homeostasis.

A

7.35, 7.45

60
Q

A condition when pH is above 7.45

A

Alkalosis

61
Q

A condition when pH is below 7.35

A

Acidosis

62
Q

Functional kidneys are developed by the ______________

A

Third month

63
Q

Bladder is small; Urine cannot be concentrated

A

Urinary system of a newborn

64
Q

Control of the voluntary urethral sphincter does not start until age ____________.

A

18 months

65
Q

Urinary retention is common in __________.

A

Males

ANAPHY (6 decks)

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