UROGENITAL SYSTEM Flashcards
What is the UROGENITAL SYSTEM
organ system of the reproductive organs and the
urinary system.
Why are these 2 grouped together
1) their proximity to each other,
2) their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways, like the
male urethra.
3) Because of their proximity, the systems are OFTEN imaged together.
What is Nephrology
medical specialty that deals with the anatomy, physiology, and
pathology of the kidney
What is Urology
branch of medicine that focuses on surgical and medical diseases of
the male and female urinary tract system and the male reproductive organs.
What is Andrology
branch of medicine concerned with male diseases and especially
with those affecting the male reproductive system.
What are the kidneys functions in homeostatic
processes
1) Filter blood to remove metabolic wastes
2) Regulate fluid and electrolyte balance
3) Regulate acid–base balance and blood pH
4) Directly influence blood pressure by controlling
blood volume
5) Regulate red blood cell production
6) Vital to many other metabolic functions
including:
- detoxifying substances in blood
- activating vitamin D
- and making new glucose (gluconeogenesis)
What does the The urinary system consists of
1) Two kidneys
2) Urinary tract – composed of
- pair of ureters
- urinary bladder
- and single urethra
What is the renal capsule
It is the external, thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue
protects it from infection and physical
trauma
What is the Renal hilum
opening on kidney surface
-where renal artery, vein, nerves, and
ureters enter and exit
What is the Renal sinus
cavity filled with urine-draining structures and adipose tissue
What parts of the kidney are the Urine forming portion
Renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis, renal columns
Which part of the kidney is involved in filtration of the blood
nephron- Renal corpuscle
What is the renal corpuscle composed of
1) Glomerulus
2) Glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)
What is the Glomerulus
– group of looping fenestrated
capillaries
- extremely “leaky”
What is the Glomerular capsule
double-layered sheath of epithelial tissue
- consists of outer parietal and inner visceral layer (podocytes)
What does the Podocytes and glomerular capillaries form
A complex membrane that filters blood flowing through glomerulus
What are the types of Nephrons
1) Cortical nephrons
2) Juxtamedullary nephrons
Cortical nephrons
1) make up about 80% of nephrons in kidneys; in renal cortex
- Renal corpuscles in outer renal cortex
- have short nephron loops
2) Peritubular capillaries – supply blood to loops of
cortical nephrons indirectly by exchanging
materials through interstitial fluid
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Much less common than cortical nephrons
-nephron loop is surrounded by ladder-like network
of capillaries (vasa recta)
-control volume and concentration of urine
From the renal pelvis where does the urine drains into
ureters
- exits the kidney at the renal hilum
The function is transport urine into the urinary bladder
How big is the Adult ureter
is 25–30 cm long with diameter of 3–4 nm
Definition of Urinary bladder
A distensible muscular organ
The shape of the urinary bladder ranges from
collapsed to spherical to pear-shaped
What are some parts of the urinary bladder
1) Bladder wall
2) Mucosa
3) Detrusor muscle
Number of Bladder walls
4 layers
Mucosa
– innermost - transitional epithelium -
protects bladder from urine
Detrusor muscle
middle layer - Fibers running in
different directions squeeze bladder
Where are the gametes produce
Males- testes (sperm)
Female- ovaries
What does the Accessory sex glands produce
substances that protect gametes and facilitate their movement
What are the Supporting structures for
assist delivery and joining of gametes and, in females, the growth of the fetus during pregnancy
What does the Male reproductive system consist of
- sperm-producing paired testes (male gonads) within scrotum
- sperm travels through ducts that lead to opening in penis
- accessory glands secrete semen
- fluid that accompanies sperm through these tubes or ducts
What are the two important functions that the testes preform
- sperm production and
- secretion of androgen hormones -
primarily testosterone
Each testis is divided into… how many compartments
200 to 300
compartments– lobules
contain coiled seminiferous tubules
What is released into the lumen
spermatogonia and sperm cells
The average male produces… how many sperm cells over a lifetime
525 billion sperm cells
Sperm travels through which ducts
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Ejaculatory ducts
Urethra
Epididymis is the site of
sperm maturation and storage
during ejaculation, sperm is propelled into which duct
Ductus deferens
Urinary tract – composed of
- pair of ureters
- urinary bladder
- and single urethra
