Respiratory system

Question 1

What is the principal function of the respiratory system

Answer 1

1) Pulmonary Gas exchange
2) Supply oxygen (gas transport)
3) Eliminate carbon dioxide (tissue gas exchange)
4) Regulates blood pH
5) Contains receptors for the sense of smell
6) Filters inhaled air
7) Produces sounds
8) Rids the body of small amounts of water and heat in exhaled air

Question 2

Where can we find organs of this system

Answer 2

head, neck, and thoracic cavity

Question 3

What are some parts of this system

Answer 3

Blood vessels of pulmonary circuit
Rib cage
Respiratory muscles
Both lungs
Respiratory tract

Question 4

What are some components of the respiratory tract

Answer 4

1) Nose and nasal cavity – encased in cranial and facial bones
2) Pharynx (throat)
3) Larynx or voice box – in anterior neck
4) Trachea or windpipe – in mediastinum
5) Bronchial tree – collection of branching tubes

Question 5

What is the upper respiratory tract

Answer 5

– passageways from nasal cavity to larynx

(Nose, nasal cavity, Pharynx, larynx

Question 6

What is the lower respiratory tract

Answer 6

1- passageways from trachea to respiratory tract’s terminal structures (alveoli)

a) Alveoli (alveolus, singular) – tiny air sacs arranged in grapelike clusters -gases are exchanged
b) Lungs –spongy organs
- enclosed within boundaries of rib cage and diaphragm
- millions of alveoli and their blood vessels embedded in elastic connective tissue
- with branches of respiratory tract

Question 7

What is the conducting zone

Answer 7

Portion of the respiratory tract that conducts air towards and away from the alveoli

Question 8

What is the respiratory zone

Answer 8

Is where the gas exchange occurs and includes structures that contain only alveoli

Question 9

What is respiration

Answer 9

Process that provides the body’s cell oxygen and removes waste product of carbon dioxide

Question 10

What are the 4 process of respiration

Answer 10

1) Pulmonary ventilation
2) Pulmonary gas exchange
3) Gas transport into the blood
4) Tissue gas exchange

Question 11

The mechanism for speech and sound production is found in which system

Answer 11

Respiratory

Question 12

What are the two major portions of the nose?

Answer 12

1) External nose for protection

2) The nasal cavity (internal nose)

Question 13

What are the components of the external nose

Answer 13

1) bones (the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillae)
2) hyaline cartilage - the nasal septum
3) external nares nostrils

Question 14

What are the components of the internal nose ( nasal cavity) and functions

Answer 14

1) The olfactory epithelium- smell
2) Air is warmed by blood in capillaries
3) Air is moistened by mucus secreted by the
respiratory epithelium
4) Air is cleansed as mucus traps dust particles

Question 15

What is an alveoli

Answer 15

Tiny air sacs, grape like clusters, through which gases are exchanged

Question 16

What are the process of pulmonary ventilation

Answer 16

1) Pulmonary gas exchange
2) Gas transport
3) Tissue gas exchange

Question 17

What is pulmonary respiration

Answer 17

Movement of gases trough the body

Question 18

What functions does the nasal cavity and nose perform

Answer 18

1) warm and humidify the air
2) Filter out debris
3) Olfactory receptors
4) Enhance the resonance of the voice

Question 19

Trachea divides into

Answer 19

Right and left mucus

Question 20

C-shaped cartilage rings

Answer 20

1) expand during swallowing
2) a semi-rigid support and prevent obstruction
of the air passageway.

Question 21

What provide passageway to air

Answer 21

The bronchi

Question 22

Each bronchus branches into

Answer 22

bronchial tree

– series of progressively smaller tubes that end in alveoli

Question 23

Divisions of the Bronchi

Answer 23

Divide into the secondary bronchi primary
Secondary branch into tertiary
Tertiary branch into bronchioles

Question 24

Bronchioles

Answer 24

– smallest airways; features differ from larger airways

Question 25

Tissue of the bronchioles

Answer 25

Simple cuboidal epithelium with few cilia

Question 26

The lungs are individually enclosed and protected by the pleural
membranes:

Answer 26

1) the superficial parietal pleura (on the thoracic wall)
2) the deeper visceral pleura (attached to the lungs)
3) between the pleurae is the pleural cavity with a lubricating fluid
secreted by the membranes

Question 27

Alveolar sac consists of

Answer 27

Alveoli

Question 28

The walls of alveoli consist of two types of

alveolar epithelial cells

Answer 28

1) Type I alveolar cells are simple squamous epithelial
cells where gas exchange occurs

2) Type II alveolar cells keep the alveolar cells moist - secrete alveolar fluid