Respiratory system Flashcards
What is the principal function of the respiratory system
1) Pulmonary Gas exchange
2) Supply oxygen (gas transport)
3) Eliminate carbon dioxide (tissue gas exchange)
4) Regulates blood pH
5) Contains receptors for the sense of smell
6) Filters inhaled air
7) Produces sounds
8) Rids the body of small amounts of water and heat in exhaled air
Where can we find organs of this system
head, neck, and thoracic cavity
What are some parts of this system
Blood vessels of pulmonary circuit Rib cage Respiratory muscles Both lungs Respiratory tract
What are some components of the respiratory tract
1) Nose and nasal cavity – encased in cranial and facial bones
2) Pharynx (throat)
3) Larynx or voice box – in anterior neck
4) Trachea or windpipe – in mediastinum
5) Bronchial tree – collection of branching tubes
What is the upper respiratory tract
– passageways from nasal cavity to larynx
(Nose, nasal cavity, Pharynx, larynx
What is the lower respiratory tract
1- passageways from trachea to respiratory tract’s terminal structures (alveoli)
a) Alveoli (alveolus, singular) – tiny air sacs arranged in grapelike clusters -gases are exchanged
b) Lungs –spongy organs
- enclosed within boundaries of rib cage and diaphragm
- millions of alveoli and their blood vessels embedded in elastic connective tissue
- with branches of respiratory tract
What is the conducting zone
Portion of the respiratory tract that conducts air towards and away from the alveoli
What is the respiratory zone
Is where the gas exchange occurs and includes structures that contain only alveoli
What is respiration
Process that provides the body’s cell oxygen and removes waste product of carbon dioxide
What are the 4 process of respiration
1) Pulmonary ventilation
2) Pulmonary gas exchange
3) Gas transport into the blood
4) Tissue gas exchange
The mechanism for speech and sound production is found in which system
Respiratory
What are the two major portions of the nose?
1) External nose for protection
2) The nasal cavity (internal nose)
What are the components of the external nose
1) bones (the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillae)
2) hyaline cartilage - the nasal septum
3) external nares nostrils
What are the components of the internal nose ( nasal cavity) and functions
1) The olfactory epithelium- smell
2) Air is warmed by blood in capillaries
3) Air is moistened by mucus secreted by the
respiratory epithelium
4) Air is cleansed as mucus traps dust particles
What is an alveoli
Tiny air sacs, grape like clusters, through which gases are exchanged
What are the process of pulmonary ventilation
1) Pulmonary gas exchange
2) Gas transport
3) Tissue gas exchange
What is pulmonary respiration
Movement of gases trough the body
What functions does the nasal cavity and nose perform
1) warm and humidify the air
2) Filter out debris
3) Olfactory receptors
4) Enhance the resonance of the voice
Trachea divides into
Right and left mucus
C-shaped cartilage rings
1) expand during swallowing
2) a semi-rigid support and prevent obstruction
of the air passageway.
What provide passageway to air
The bronchi
Each bronchus branches into
bronchial tree
– series of progressively smaller tubes that end in alveoli
Divisions of the Bronchi
Divide into the secondary bronchi primary
Secondary branch into tertiary
Tertiary branch into bronchioles
Bronchioles
– smallest airways; features differ from larger airways
Tissue of the bronchioles
Simple cuboidal epithelium with few cilia
The lungs are individually enclosed and protected by the pleural
membranes:
1) the superficial parietal pleura (on the thoracic wall)
2) the deeper visceral pleura (attached to the lungs)
3) between the pleurae is the pleural cavity with a lubricating fluid
secreted by the membranes
Alveolar sac consists of
Alveoli
The walls of alveoli consist of two types of
alveolar epithelial cells
1) Type I alveolar cells are simple squamous epithelial
cells where gas exchange occurs
2) Type II alveolar cells keep the alveolar cells moist - secrete alveolar fluid
