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Microbiology Exam 4 > Urogenital & Sexually Transmitted Infections > Flashcards

Urogenital & Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards

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1
Q

Is the urinary tract free of microbes? Except at?

A

Yes

Except at the opening of urethra

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2
Q

What does UTI mean?

A

Urinary tract infection

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3
Q

What does urethritis mean?

A

Inflammation of the urethra

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4
Q

What does cystitis mean?

A

Inflammation of the bladder & urethra

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5
Q

What does pyrlonephritis mean?

A

Inflammation of the kidneys

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6
Q

Are cystitis common in females?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What is the most common organism to cause UTI? (#1 cause )

A

E. coli

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8
Q

What are the risk factors of cystitis? (2)

A

Sexual intercourse
Improper hygiene ( back to front )

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of cystitis?

A

Dysuria
Frequent ruination
Hematuria

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10
Q

What does dysuria mean?

A

Painful urination

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11
Q

What does hematuria mean?

A

Blood in urine

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12
Q

What is the treatment of cystitis?

A

Fluroquinolones, bactrim
( antibiotics )

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13
Q

If someone who doesn’t get treated for their UTI, what can happen?
( and danger of ?)

A

Pyelonephritis
( complication if the infection reaches the kidneys )
( danger of septicemia )

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14
Q

Is cystitis an sti?

A

No
( for the time being, we aren’t considering it as one cause it’s mainly due to improper hygiene)

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15
Q

What are the 3 bacterial STI?

A

Gonorrhea
Chlamydi
Syphilis

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16
Q

What is the 1 viral sti ?

A

Genital warts

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17
Q

How many new cases of sti in the United States annually?

A

20 million

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18
Q

Half of the 20million are from what age group?

A

15-24 year olds

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19
Q

What does those 20million cases and half of them being 15-25 years old mean?

A

Unprotected/not safe sex

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20
Q

What is Gonorrhea?
( stain, shape )

A

Gram negative
Diplococci

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21
Q

What is the bacteria for gonorrhea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

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22
Q

What is the transmission of gonorrhea?

A

Sexual contact & hands

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23
Q

How does the transmission work for getting gonorrhea?

A

Inflammation -> WBC -> pus

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24
Q

What are the primary symptoms in males?

A

Urethral discharge, painful urination

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25
Q

What is the primary symptom for females of gonorrhea?

A

Vagina discharge, abdominal pain, very asymptomatic

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26
Q

Why is gonorrhea typically asymptomatic for females?

A

Cause we associate it as just our normal discharge

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27
Q

Can we treat the primary symptoms of gonorrhea? And with what?

A

Yes
Antibiotics

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28
Q

What are the untreated symptoms travel to of males and females for gonorrhea?

A

Males - go into testes
Females - go into fallopian tubes

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29
Q

What is the more severe cause of untreated gonorrhea in females?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease ( PID )
- also may result in chlamydia

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30
Q

What are the complications of an untreated gonorrhea ?

A

Meningitis
Eye infection
Joint infection

31
Q

What is ophthalmia neonatorum ?

A

Infection in the eyes of a newborn of the mother has gonorrhea when passing her baby from the birth canal

32
Q

How do we diagnosis gonorrhea?

A

Isolate white blood cells inside gram negative dipoccoci in urethral discharge or cervical swab

33
Q

What is the treatment of gonorrhea?

A

Antibiotics

34
Q

What is a rare complication of gonorrhea?

A

Arthritis

35
Q

What is the best way to prevent gonorrhea?

A

Condoms !!!

36
Q

What is non gonococcal urethritis?

A

Chlamydia !!

37
Q

Is chlamydia the number 1 sti in the United States?

A

Yes

38
Q

What is chlamydia Trachomatis?

A

Obligate intracellular Parasite

39
Q

How is chlamydia ( non gonococcoal urethritis ) transmitted by?

A

Sexual contact

40
Q

What are the symptoms of chlamydia?

A

Painful urination
( no pus )

41
Q

What is the big difference between gonorrhea and chlamydia?

A

Gonorrhea - pus
Chlamydia - no pus

42
Q

What is syphilis bacteria?

A

Treponema palldium

43
Q

What is treponema palldium?
( stain and shape ?)

A

Gram negative
Spirochete

44
Q

Syphilis is very common in?

A

Young gay men

45
Q

Syphilis and HIV usually pair together ?

A

Yes

46
Q

How is syphilis transmitted by?

A

Sexual contact

47
Q

What is the primary stage for syphilis and is it infectious?

A

Chancre
( non painful ulcer )

Very infectious

48
Q

Can we cure the chancre in syphilis? And with what?

A

Yes and antibiotics

49
Q

What is the secondary stage of syphilis and is it infectious?

A

Rash on skin and mouth
( Palms and soles of the feet )

Very infectious

50
Q

Can we treat the second stage of syphilis ? And with what?

A

Yes
Antibiotics

51
Q

What is the tertiary stage of syphilis? And Is it infectious?

A

Gummas ( granulomas )
( skin, bone and tissue Damage )

Not infectious

52
Q

Before reaching the tertiary stage, is syphilis latent? And for how long?

A

Yes
10-20 years

53
Q

Can we cure Syphillus at its third phase?

A

Nope

54
Q

How do we diagnosis syphillus?

A

Looking under microscope for the presence of treponema palldium

55
Q

Is there a vaccine for syphilis?

A

No

56
Q

What is congenital syphillus?

A

Mother to fetus

57
Q

What are the symptoms of congenital syphilis?

A

Saber skin
Saddle nose
Hutchinson teeth
Mental disabilities

58
Q

What is genital warts
( virus, naked or Envelopd, double or single, dna or dna ?)

A

Human papilloma virus
Naked
Double
Dna

59
Q

How many types of warts are there?

A

60 type

60
Q

What are the main strains of warts ? Numbers?

A

16,18,11,6

61
Q

Where can we find warts on someone?

A

Genital
Fingers

62
Q

How can we detect warts?

A

Pap smear

63
Q

What is the treatment of warts?

A

Freezing nitrogen gas
Acid burning
Laser therapy

64
Q

HPV causes what type of cancer?

A

Penile and cervical

65
Q

What are the strains of warts that causes cancer?

A

16,18

66
Q

What are the strains of warts that causes just the warts?

A

11,6

67
Q

What are the risk factors for genital warts?

A

Multiple partners
Early age of sex
Smoking

68
Q

Is there a vaccine for HPV? Name and type?

A

Garsadil
Subunit

69
Q

Gardsail has how many types of strains ?

A

4
(6,11, 16,18)

70
Q

The new vaccine for HPV detaches how many strains of warts?

A

Over 9

71
Q

When is the best time to get vaccinated for HPV?

A

11-12 years old

72
Q

Gardasil vaccine is for what age group?

A

9-26 year old

73
Q

The new vaccine can let you take the vaccine at what age?

A

Up to 45

74
Q

HPV vaccine helps prevent cancer and lasts forever as of now?

A

Yes

Microbiology Exam 4 (6 decks)

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