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Microbiology Exam 4 > Disease Of The Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Disease Of The Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

The respiratory tract is transmitted how?

A

Droplet and air

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2
Q

What are the 2 major entry into the body for respiratory tract?

A

Upper respiratory tract
Lower respiratory tract

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3
Q

What are some examples of upper respiratory tract?

A

Nose, pharynx

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4
Q

What are some examples of lower respiratory tract?

A

Trachea, bronchi, alveoli of the lungs

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5
Q

What are the defenses of the respiratory tract? (3)

A

Ciliates mucous membranes
Alveolar macrophages
IGA antibodies

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6
Q

What is streptococcal pharyngitis?

A

Strep throat

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7
Q

What does pharyngitis mean?

A

Infection of the throat

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8
Q

What is the main bacteria that causes strep throat ?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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9
Q

What is streptococcus pyogenes
( gram stain, group, beta/alpha, shape?)

A

Positive
Group a
Beta
Coccus

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10
Q

What other things are caused by streptococcus pyogenes?

A

Impetigo
Erysipelas’s
Necro facilistis

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11
Q

What are the virulence factors of streptococcus pyogenes ? (3)

A

M protein
Streptokinase
Streptolysisns

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12
Q

What is the transmission of streptococcus pyogenes?

A

Respiratory route

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13
Q

What is the diagnosis of strep throat?
( C, A, I ) (3)

A

Culture of throat swab
Quick agglutination test
Rapid enzyme immunoassay

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of strep throat?

A

Same like viral pharyngitis
Tonsillitis
Rheumatic fever ( severe untreated )

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15
Q

What is a bad symptom to get if you leave strep throat undertreated?

A

Rheumatic fever

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16
Q

What’s the difference if you were to get viral strep throat and bacteria?

A

Bacterial- white pus
Viral - enlarged red tonsils

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17
Q

What does streptokinase do in streptococcus pyogenes?

A

Lyse clots

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18
Q

What does streptolysins do?

A

They are cytotoxic

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19
Q

What is diphtheria bacteria?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria

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20
Q

What is diphtheria
( non spore/spore, gram stain, shape?)

A

Non spore forming
Positive
Plemorphic rod

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21
Q

How is diptheria transmitted?

A

Respiratory route

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22
Q

What happens once diptheria is in the body? (5)

A

Cell replicate in throat
Secrete exotoxin
Exotoxin inhibitz protein synthesis
Synthesis cause kidney/heart failure
Severe inflammatory response

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23
Q

What are the symptoms of diptheria ?

A

Sore throat
Fever
Weakness

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24
Q

What is the biggest symptom one can use to diagnosis diphtheria? And causes?

A

Grayish, tough pseudomembrane
Which covers the thorat
Blocks air passage
Causing suffocation

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25
Q

What is the vaccine of diptheria?

A

DTAP vaccine

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26
Q

Is the DTAP vaccine a subunit vaccine?

A

Yes

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27
Q

When do we give out the DTAP vaccine? What age group?

A

2 months, 4,6,8 and then again at 5 years of age to promote immunity

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28
Q

Are the common colds bacteria?

A

NOOOO NEVER!!!!! ALSO VIRUS!!!

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29
Q

What is rhinovirus? For common colds?
( family, non or enveloped, single or double, dna or rna )

A

Picornaviridae
Non eceloped
Single stranded
Rna

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30
Q

What percentage of common colds are rhinoviruses?

A

30-50%

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31
Q

What is coronaviruses?
( family, enveloped or non, single or double, rna or dna ?)

A

Coronaviridae
Enveloped
Single stranded
Rna

32
Q

What is the percentage of Coronaviridae that causes the common cold?

33
Q

What is the defense for common colds?

A

IgA antibodies

34
Q

What is the transmission of the common colds? (2)

A

Respiratory and hand transmission

35
Q

What are the symptoms of the common cold?

A

Sneezing
Coughing
NASAL discharge
Congestion

36
Q

Is there treatment or vaccine for common colds?

37
Q

Why no vaccine for common colds?

A

Too many new strains and mutations to keep track off

38
Q

Are common colds virus?

A

YESSS ALWAYS!!!!

39
Q

What does TB stand for?

A

Tuberculosis

40
Q

Is TB the deadliest infection of the entire world?

41
Q

What is the bacteria that causes TB?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

42
Q

What is tuberculosis
( gram stain, shape, aerobic or anaerobic and contains what?)

A

Positive
Rod
Aerobic
Acid fast

43
Q

TB grows very slow ____ and it’s __ hours?

A

Generation time
( Grow very slowly )
20 hours

44
Q

TB has what in its cell wall?

A

Mycolic acid

45
Q

Mycolic acids resist what?

A

Resist drying and disinfects

46
Q

TB is the number one cause of death in what type of patients?

A

AIDS
( acquired immune deficiency syndrome )

47
Q

Mycobacterium has a waxy lipid wall which means it has?

A

Mycolic acids

48
Q

What is the transmission of TB?

A

Inhalation -> lungs
( air )

49
Q

What type of test can we do on a patient that isn’t a skin or blood test to see a sign of TB?

A

An acid fast stain
( sputum:spit sample )

50
Q

What are symptoms of TB?

A

Fever, fatigue, coughing

51
Q

Is TB chronic for immunodeficiency people?

52
Q

What is the severe symptoms of TB?

A

Coughing Blood

53
Q

In French what did they call TB?

A

Consumption

54
Q

What is a prevention method for TB? And what is it?

A

BCG vaccine
Live attenuated vaccine

55
Q

What does BCG stand for?

A

Bacillus calmette Guerin

56
Q

What is the strain that we use in the BCG vaccine to prevent TB?

A

A cow strain ( M. Bovis )

57
Q

What is an indication of TB when we use a radiography and see lesions ?

A

Ghon complex

58
Q

Does Ghon complex say that someone has TB ?

A

No, it just says TB infection in which can lead to an TB case

59
Q

What is the treatment for TB? And for how long?

A

3 drugs
9 months -1 year

60
Q

What does Tubercle mean?

A

Small lump, characteristic of TB

61
Q

Can TB lay dorment?

62
Q

What is the TB skin test called?

63
Q

What do we do in a PPD test?

A

Inject the skin with TB proteins to see if the person has Been infected with TB

64
Q

What are the results of a TB test? (2)

A

Negative and positive

65
Q

What does a negative PPD test mean?

A

Less than 5mm in size
And no TB

66
Q

What does a positive mean in TB skin PPD test? And how does it look like?

A

Exposed, but not really have it
Bigger than 10mm and red

67
Q

Can there be a false positive and how in a PPD test?

A

Yes
From taking the BCG vaccine

68
Q

Are there new methods of testing for TB and what is it, that isn’t PPD? And name?
( N A A T )

A

Blood testing
Called
NAAT
( nucleic acid amplication test )

69
Q

Can TB skin test leave a scar?

70
Q

What are the 3 highly deadly infections?
( pre covid )

A
  • HIV
  • malaria
  • TB
71
Q

What is bacterial pneumonias?

A

Inflammation of the lungs
( Bronchi & alveoli )

72
Q

What is bacteria pneumonia caused by what bacteria?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

73
Q

Streptococcal pneumonia causes what?

A

Pneumonia & meningitis

74
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia is what?
( gram and shape?)

A

Positive
Diplococci

75
Q

What is mycoplasma ?and caused?

A

Without a cell wall
Walking Pneumoniae

Microbiology Exam 4 (6 decks)

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