Diseases Of The Skin Flashcards
1
Q
Why is skin so important?
A
Helps protect us as a physical barrier against infections
2
Q
What are some examples of “skin”?
A
Epidermis
Dermis
Mucous membranes
Eyes
3
Q
What type of stuff causes diseases of the skin ? (4)
A
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites
4
Q
What is the most common superficial skin infections ? (2)
A
Staphylococcus & streptococcus
5
Q
What is our normal flora gram staining?
A
Gram positive
6
Q
What are the 7 terms to help us describe an area of the skin that is infected ?
A
Vesicles
Bullae
Macules
Papules
Pustules
Exathem
Enathem
7
Q
What’s a slogan to help remember the 7 terms ?
A
Vicky
Bites
Max
Paper
Pussy
Exit
Envelope
8
Q
What is vesicles?
A
Small, fluid-filled lesions
9
Q
What is bullae?
A
Vesicles larger than 1cm in diameter
10
Q
What is macules?
A
Flat, reddened lesions
11
Q
What is papules?
A
Raised lesions
12
Q
What is pustules?
A
Raised lesions with pus
13
Q
What is exanthem?
A
Skin rash arising from a disease
14
Q
What is enantham?
A
Rash on mucous membranes arising from a disease
15
Q
What are the 2 Only types of bacteria that causes skin infections?
A
Staphylococci & streptococci
16
Q
What is staphylococci & streptococci gram staining & shape?
A
Gram positive
Coccus
17
Q
Which one, staphylococci or streptococci grows in clusters?
A
Staphylococci
18
Q
Which one, staphylococci & streptococci grows in chains?
A
Streptococci
19
Q
What are the virulence factors for staphylococcal infections? ( 5)
( C, L, EX, E, T )
A
Coagulase
Leukocidin
Exfoliative exotoxins
Enterotoxins
Toxic shock syndrome toxic
20
Q
What does coagulase do?
A
Fibrin clot protects vs
Phagocytosis
21
Q
What does leukocidin do?
A
Destroys phagocytes
22
Q
What does exfoliative exotoxins do?
A
Cause scalded skin syndrome
23
Q
What does enterotoxins do?
A
Food poisoning
24
Q
What is the most virulent staphylococcus?
A
Staphylococcus aureus
25
How do you get staphylococcus aureus?
Nasal passages
Hair follicles
Skin abrasions
26
Are most staphylococcus aureus coagulase positive?
Yes
27
What are the diseases under staphylococcus? (5)
( F, F, S, C, I )
Folliculits
Furuncles
Sty
Carbuncles
Impetigo
28
What does folliculitis mean?
Pimples & pustules
29
What does furuncles mean?
Boils & deeper pus filled infection
30
What does sty mean?
Infection at the base of the eyelash
31
What does carbuncles mean? (4)
Deeper infection
Encapsulated
No circulation
harder to treat
32
What does impetigo mean? (2)
Highly contagious & crusty lesions
33
Is impetigo a type of herpes?
NO!!!!
34
Do you need local antibiotics for impetigo to treat?
Yes!!
35
What is streptococcus, gram staining, shape and grows how? (3)
Gram positive
Coccus - shape
Grows in chains
36
How do we divide streptococcal infections?
3 groups based on hemolysis
37
What are the 3 hemolysis?
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
38
What is the most common hemolysis for streptococcal infection?
Beta hemolysis
39
Beta hemolysis can be further divided into what?
Group A-T
40
What are the beta groups based on?
Cell wall carbohydrates
41
Most diseases are caused by ?
Beta hemolytic group A
Streptococci
(GAS)
42
What does GAS stand for?
Group A
Streptococci
43
What is the most famous streptococcus that causes infections?
Streptococcus pyogenes
44
Is beta hemolysis partial or complete?
Complete
45
What differentiates the streptococcus pyogenes?
M protein
46
Virulence factors for streptococcus? (8)
Hemolysis
M protein
Erythrogenic toxin
DNAse
Streptokinase
Hyaluronidase
Leukocidins
Capsules
47
What are the 3 diseases under streptococcus?
Erysipelas
Necrotizing fasciitis
Impetigo
48
What is another name for necrotizing fasciitis?
Flesh eating bacteria
49
Is necrotizing fasciitis, flesh eating bacteria, group A beta hemolytic, streptococcal pyogenes?
Yes
50
What is also another name for necrotizing fasciitis that isn’t flesh eating bacteria?
Group A, beta hemolytic, streptococcus pyogenes
51
What is necrotizing fasciitis caused by?
Highly invasive strains
52
What are these highly invasive strains produced by for necrotizing fasciitis?
Enzymes
53
What are the 3 enzymes that causes the strains for the flesh eating bacteria?
Hyaluronidase
Protease
Streptokinase
54
What is the reaction to having a flesh eating bacteria?
It reaches deeper tissues and damages your muscles
( literally eating your skin alive )
55
What is the treatment for necrotizing fasciitis?
Surgical removal ( amputation )
&
IV antibiotic therapy
56
Is necrotizing fasciitis contagious?
Yes
57
How do you get necrotizing fasciitis?
Scratches and fomites
58
If necrotizing fasciitis is from stratches and fomites, is that indirect and direct contact?
Yes
59
What are the 6 viral skin diseases ?
( H, S, C, M, GM, H )
German measles ( rubella )
Measles ( rubeola)
Chicken pox & shingles
Smallpox
HPV
Herpes simplx
60
Is Warts human papilloma virus?
Yes
61
What is human papilloma virus ?
( single/double, dna/rna, non enveloped/ or yes , family?) (4)
Papovaviridae - family
Double stranded
Dna
Non-enveloped
62
How many types of warts are there?
60
63
Warts can grow benign skin tumors?
Yes
64
Are some benign skin tumors cancerous?
Yes
65
Where can we find these warts, for human papilloma virus (HPV)? (3)
Fingers, larynx, genitalia
66
How is the transmission of human papilloma virus spread?
Direct contact
( human or fomites )
( genital warts - sexually )
67
How can we treat human papilloma virus ( warts ?) (3)
( N, A, L )
By freezing with liquid nitrogen
Burning with acids
Laser therapy
68
Can we prevent HPV? And how?
Yes
Vaccination!!!
69
What is smallpox?
( family,single/double, dna/rna, enveloped/non ) (4)
Poxviridae
Double stranded
Dna
Enveloped
70
What are the 2 forms of smallpox and what percentage did it kill ?
Variola major (20%)
Variola minor (1%)
71
What makes smallpox so speical?
Completely eradicated since 1980
72
What makes smallpox so dangerous?
Bioterrorism
73
What is the transmission of smallpox? (3)
Respiratory -> blood -> skin
74
Is smallpox a systematic infection?
Yes
75
What does viremia mean and does smallpox have it?
Virus in blood
Smallpox does have it
76
How did we eradicate smallpox? (2)
Vaccination
No other host, just humans
77
What type of vaccine did we use for smallpox?
Live attenuated vaccine
78
Do we give live attenuated vaccine to immunocomprosed ?
NO!!!
79
Is smallpox highly contagious?
Yes!
80
What is smallpox considered as? A rash? Macules? Vesicles?
Vesicles ( fluid filled )
81
How can we eradicate a virus? (3)
- only humans
- no latent
- vaccine
82
What is chickenpox & shingles ?
( family, single/double, dna/rna, enveloped/non )
Herpesviridae
Double stranded
Dna
Enveloped
83
What is the virus that causes chickenpox & shingles?
Varicella-zoster virus
84
Chickenpox stands for?
Shingles stand for ?
Varicella
Zoster
85
How is chickenpox & shingles transmitted by?
Respiratory route-> blood -> skin
86
Can chickenpox & shingles lay dormant?
Yes, they are latent
87
Where does the varicella-zoster virus lay dormet in?
Dorsal root ganglion
88
How do we get shingles?
A reactivation of the latent VZV
89
What helps causes the reactivation of the chickenpox & shingles?
Stress & immune deficiency
90
Once you have chickenpox & shingles do you always have it?
Yes
91
What is the treatment for chickenpox & shingles?
Acyclovir
92
Do we have a vaccine for chickenpox and shingles? What’s the name?
Yes
Varivax
93
When do we give varivax and what is it? (3)
12-24 months
( another shot at 4-5 years old )
Live attenuated
94
Is there a vaccine for shingles? Name and what is it?
Yes
Shingrex
Subunit vaccine
95
At what age do we give shingrex?
50+
96
Can you get shingles from someone else?
No, you get chickenpox first
97
What is the major physical characteristics of chickenpox and shingles?
Chickenpox is everywhere
Shingles is like one side big ass rash
98
What is a subunit vaccine?
Not live only component of the viral envelope
99
What is measles?
( family, negative /positive, single or double rna/dna, enveloped or non?)
Paramyxoviridae
negative
Single stranded
Rna
Enveloped
100
What’s the virus that causes measles?
Rubeola virus
101
Are measles contagious?
YES SUPER!
102
What is the only reservoir for measles?
Humans
103
Can we potentially eradicate measles?
Yes
104
How is measles, rubeola virus transmitted?
Respiratory route
( air )
105
What are the symptoms, starting then later in measles?
Runny nose, fever, sore throat
Later
Macular rash on face & trunk
106
What is the main diagnosis of measles?
Kopliks spots
107
What are kopliks spots?
Measles
- small easier red spots with white center on oral mucosa
108
What is a complication that comes with measles?
Ear infections to severe pneumonia
109
What is the vaccination for measles? Name and what is it?
MMR
( measles, mumps, rubella )
Live attenuated vaccine
110
When do we give out the MMR vaccine? (2)
1 year of age
Another at 4-5 years of age
111
What is German measles?
( family, positive/negative, single or double, dna/rna, enveloped or non ?)
Togaviridae
Positive
Single stranded
Rna
Enveloped
112
What is German measles caused by? ( virus?)
Rubella virus
113
German measles is a ____ form than measles?
Milder
114
What does German measles cause on the skin?
Exanthema
( skin rash )
115
Is German measles vesicle or macular?
Macular
( flat reddens lesions )
116
What is the transmission of German measles?
Respiratory -> skin
117
What are the complications of German measles?
First trimester or pregnancy, cause severe abnormalities in a fetus
118
Is there a vaccine for German measles? Name and what is it?
MMR
Live attenuated
119
When do we give the MMR vaccine for German measles?
15-18 months of age
120
Can German measles infect healthy people?
Yes
121
What does congenital mean?
Mother to baby
( vertical transmission )
122
So when you think of German measles what should be the first thing ?
Congenital transmission & baby abnormalities
123
Why should men get vaccinated for rubella?
To promote herd immunity
124
Big differences between measles vs German measles?
Measles
- rubeola
- kopliks spots
German measles
- rubella
- congenital
125
What are the 2 infections that present with macular rashes as of now?
Measles & German measles ( rubella )
126
Extra information
What is toxic shock syndrome?
A strain produced by an exotoxin
Life threatening
Tampons
Fever sun burn rash
Etc
