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PT Practice 4 > Urogenital Issues > Flashcards

Urogenital Issues Flashcards

1
Q

True or false; incontinence is part of the normal aging process

A

False

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2
Q

What are the most common lower urinary tract symptoms?

A 
■ Nocturia 
■ Postmicturation symptoms 
■ Incomplete emptying 
■ Terminal dribble 
■ Urgency
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3
Q

What are the functions of the pelvic floor muscles?

A

◻ Supports the internal organs and lumbar spine
◻ Closure of the sphincters of the urethra, vagina, and anus
◻ Sexual appreciation

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4
Q

According to Kegel, what are the 5 layers of the pelvic floor?

A

◻ Layer 1,2,3 Skeletal Muscle
◻ Layer 4 Smooth muscle sphincter of the pelvic floor
◻ Layer 5 endopelvic fascia

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5
Q

What are the superficial perineal muscles?

A

◻ Bulbocavernosus
◻ Ischiocavernousus
◻ Superficial Transverse Perineal

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6
Q

What makes up the pelvic diaphragm?

A

◻ Coccygeus

◻ Levator Ani

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7
Q

What are the functions of the pelvic diaphragm muscles?

A

■ Trunk support: fixation of trunk with strong UE movement
■ Pelvic floor support: allow pelvic floor closure during increases in
intra-abdominal pressure, IE cough, laugh, sneeze
■ Sphincteric: closure of all 3
■ Sexual tone and support to ano-rectal and vaginal canal.

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8
Q

The pelvic floor is ___% slow twitch muscle fibers and ___% fast twitch

A

70% slow twitch for chronic postural tone

30% fast twitch for quick sphincter closure

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9
Q

What are the consequences of having a pelvic floor that is too mobile?

A

weakness or prolapse

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10
Q

What are the consequences of having a pelvic floor that isn’t mobile enough?

A

Pelvic pain, organs and outlets need a little mobility

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11
Q

What is the cylinder concept?

A

Trunk stability is gained through the control of Multifidus, TA, pelvic floor and respiratory diaphragm

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12
Q

The bladders holds up to ___oz of urine

A

20 oz

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13
Q

The bladder should be relaxed until when?

A

8oz

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14
Q

What is a normal number of times to pee during the day? At night?

A

Day: 4-8x
Night:0-1

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15
Q

What do urodynamic tests measure?

A

Urodynamic tests measure the pressure in the bladder at rest and when filling.

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16
Q

What is stress incontinence?

A

Leakage during involuntary efforts such as sneezing, coughing, laughing

17
Q

In women with ________ incontinence and thinning of the vagina or urethra due to a lack of estrogen, applying estrogen cream or inserting a rubber ring with estrogen or estrogen tablets into the vagina may be helpful.

A

Stress incontinence

18
Q

What is urge incontinence?

A

Sudden compelling desire to pass urine that is hard to stop

19
Q

What is the most common form of incontinence?

A

Urge incontinence

20
Q

True or false; Episodes of urge incontinence often can be prevented by urinating at regular intervals before the urge occurs

A

True

21
Q

What causes overflow incontinence?

A

For overflow incontinence caused by an enlarged prostate or other blockage, surgery is usually necessary.

22
Q

What is functional incontinence?

A

Loss of urine because of inability to get to toilet.

23
Q

Mixed urinary incontinence combines which incontinences?

A

Stress and urge

24
Q

How might you instruct someone in Kegel exercises?

A

■ Squeeze and hold
■ squeeze the muscles used to stop the flow of urine for about 10 seconds, then relaxes them for about 10 seconds.
■ The exercise is repeated 8-10 times in a row at least 3 times a day. Muscle tone usually improves in 2 to 3 months.
■ The muscles can be identified by inserting a finger into the vagina and squeezing or by trying to stop the flow of urine.

25
Q

If prolapse is severe, a ______ may be used to support the pelvic organs.

A

pessary

26
Q

True or false; Kegel exercises can treat mild prolapses

A

True

27
Q

True or false; chronic pelvic pain is cyclic

A

False

28
Q

True or false; chronic pelvic pain can be due to childhood abuse

A

True

29
Q

True or false; chronic pelvic pain can be caused by endometriosis

A

True

PT Practice 4 (13 decks)

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