Urogenital Issues Flashcards
True or false; incontinence is part of the normal aging process
False
What are the most common lower urinary tract symptoms?
■ Nocturia ■ Postmicturation symptoms ■ Incomplete emptying ■ Terminal dribble ■ Urgency
What are the functions of the pelvic floor muscles?
◻ Supports the internal organs and lumbar spine
◻ Closure of the sphincters of the urethra, vagina, and anus
◻ Sexual appreciation
According to Kegel, what are the 5 layers of the pelvic floor?
◻ Layer 1,2,3 Skeletal Muscle
◻ Layer 4 Smooth muscle sphincter of the pelvic floor
◻ Layer 5 endopelvic fascia
What are the superficial perineal muscles?
◻ Bulbocavernosus
◻ Ischiocavernousus
◻ Superficial Transverse Perineal
What makes up the pelvic diaphragm?
◻ Coccygeus
◻ Levator Ani
What are the functions of the pelvic diaphragm muscles?
■ Trunk support: fixation of trunk with strong UE movement
■ Pelvic floor support: allow pelvic floor closure during increases in
intra-abdominal pressure, IE cough, laugh, sneeze
■ Sphincteric: closure of all 3
■ Sexual tone and support to ano-rectal and vaginal canal.
The pelvic floor is ___% slow twitch muscle fibers and ___% fast twitch
70% slow twitch for chronic postural tone
30% fast twitch for quick sphincter closure
What are the consequences of having a pelvic floor that is too mobile?
weakness or prolapse
What are the consequences of having a pelvic floor that isn’t mobile enough?
Pelvic pain, organs and outlets need a little mobility
What is the cylinder concept?
Trunk stability is gained through the control of Multifidus, TA, pelvic floor and respiratory diaphragm
The bladders holds up to ___oz of urine
20 oz
The bladder should be relaxed until when?
8oz
What is a normal number of times to pee during the day? At night?
Day: 4-8x
Night:0-1
What do urodynamic tests measure?
Urodynamic tests measure the pressure in the bladder at rest and when filling.
What is stress incontinence?
Leakage during involuntary efforts such as sneezing, coughing, laughing
In women with ________ incontinence and thinning of the vagina or urethra due to a lack of estrogen, applying estrogen cream or inserting a rubber ring with estrogen or estrogen tablets into the vagina may be helpful.
Stress incontinence
What is urge incontinence?
Sudden compelling desire to pass urine that is hard to stop
What is the most common form of incontinence?
Urge incontinence
True or false; Episodes of urge incontinence often can be prevented by urinating at regular intervals before the urge occurs
True
What causes overflow incontinence?
For overflow incontinence caused by an enlarged prostate or other blockage, surgery is usually necessary.
What is functional incontinence?
Loss of urine because of inability to get to toilet.
Mixed urinary incontinence combines which incontinences?
Stress and urge
How might you instruct someone in Kegel exercises?
■ Squeeze and hold
■ squeeze the muscles used to stop the flow of urine for about 10 seconds, then relaxes them for about 10 seconds.
■ The exercise is repeated 8-10 times in a row at least 3 times a day. Muscle tone usually improves in 2 to 3 months.
■ The muscles can be identified by inserting a finger into the vagina and squeezing or by trying to stop the flow of urine.
If prolapse is severe, a ______ may be used to support the pelvic organs.
pessary
True or false; Kegel exercises can treat mild prolapses
True
True or false; chronic pelvic pain is cyclic
False
True or false; chronic pelvic pain can be due to childhood abuse
True
True or false; chronic pelvic pain can be caused by endometriosis
True
