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PT Practice 4 > Sports Injuries Of The Knee And Shoulder > Flashcards

Sports Injuries Of The Knee And Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What is the number 1 contributor to sports injuries?

A

Training load increase
Volume increase
Dramatic change within a few weeks

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2
Q

What are the contributors to sports injuries?

A 
Training increase
Structure 
Mechanics
Tissue quality
Physiology/ nutrition 
Psychosocial
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3
Q

True or false; you cannot underload an injury

A

False; underload causes it to get weaker.

Cartilage, muscles, and ligaments need forces applied to it in a progressive manner to allow adaptation.

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4
Q

What are the 3 steps of change to occur at the muscle?

A

Stimulus
Rest period
Adaptation

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5
Q

What contributes to elevated load?

A 
Overall volume 
Rapid change in volume/ level/ intensity
Competition congestion
Psychological stress
Lack of sleep/ travel demands
Inadequate nutrition and hydration
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6
Q

What is the most common type of knee injury?

A

Ligament injury (and of that, its ACL)

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7
Q

What are the anatomical risk factors associated with an ACL tear?

A 
• Age and gender
—< 12  males = females
— 12 females >>> males 
•Knee Joint Geometry 
•Pelvic Width 
•Ligamentous Laxity 
•Hormonal 
•Femur/tibia lever length
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8
Q

What are the modifiable risk factors associated with an ACL tear?

A

Dynamic valgus alignment
Quad dominance
Trunk dominance
Limb dominance

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9
Q

What is the correct return to sport progression?

A 
Closed environment agility training
Closed environment agilities with equipment
Open environment no opposing player
Open environment with opposing player
Modified practice
Modified games
Full Competition
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10
Q

True or false; isolated PCL tears can be treated non-operatively

A

True

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11
Q

Why is quad strengthening so important in the treatment of PCL tears?

A

Decreases posterior translation of tibia on the femur

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12
Q

What are the PCL rehab guidelines?

A
  • PWB/WBAT with use of locked brace until quad control (~4 weeks)
  • Progressive ROM (0-90 for 4 weeks)
  • Focus on quad control and stability
  • No isolated HS strengthening ~12 weeks
  • Criterion based progression
  • Expected Return > 6 months
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13
Q

What is in the posterior lateral corner of the knee?

A 
LCL
Popliteus 
Hamstrings
IT band
Popliteal fibular ligament
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14
Q

True or false; the MCL has a rich blood supply and can heal itself

A

True

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15
Q

What is the return to sport protocol for an MCL tear?

A

Progressive RTP criteria:
• Full, pain-free ROM
• No laxity/instability on clinical examination
• 90% strength of contralateral side.

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16
Q

How do you manage an acute MCL tear rehab?

A 
• Protect against valgus and tibia rotation
—Use of brace 
• Control effusion/swelling 
• Early and progressive ROM 
• Early quad activation 
• Normalize gait
17
Q

What is the exercise progression of an MCL tear in the restorative phase?

A
  • Sagittal plane—> frontal plane
  • Bilateral—> unilateral
  • Leg Press/ wall squats/ Mini squats
  • Balance/Perturbation training
  • Side stepping and cariocas
  • Toward uninvolved harder
18
Q

How do you manage ITB friction syndrome?

A

Manage pain and inflammation

Address individual impairments

19
Q

What are some things you’d expect to see during the reactive phase of a tendinopathy?

A

Pain
Decreased function
Water in tendon

But it is a reversible process and the tendon is still normal

20
Q

What is the cause of patella tendinopathy?

A

Increased tensile loads placed on patella tendon

21
Q

What are some methods of managing tendinopathy?

A

Tendon unloading
Normalize ROM
Promote tendon healing/ balance
Promote strength/ balance above and below
Challenge in functionally progressive manner

22
Q

Pt has the following:
Decreased medial patella tilt to horizontal
Decreased medial glide of patella Lateral knee tightness

What’s the diagnosis?

A

Patella lateral compression

23
Q

Pt has the following:

Hypermobile patella (hypoplastic groove) Quad weakness

What’s the diagnosis?

A

Patella instability

24
Q

Pt has the following:

Movement dysfunction
Hip Weakness
Ankle ROM limitations

What’s the diagnosis?

A

Biomechanical dysfunction

25
Q

Pt has the following:
History of trauma Swelling/external bruising

What is the diagnosis?

A

Direct patella trauma

26
Q

Pt has the following:

Palpation along joint line Joint effusion
Taping with asterisk sign

What is the diagnosis?

A

Soft tissue lesions

27
Q

Pt has the following:

Training errors/change in activity
Tenderness along tendon
STTT

What is the diagnosis?

A

Overuse syndromes

28
Q

What are the treatment guidelines for patella compressions?

A
  • STM (distal and prox)
  • Patella mobility
  • Patella taping
  • Muscle stretching
29
Q

What are the treatment guidelines for patellar instability?

A

• Bracing (static stability) • Dynamic stability of

kinetic chain

30
Q

What are the treatment guidelines for a biomechanical dysfunction?

A
  • Hip and Ankle
  • LLI
  • Orthoses (temporary)
31
Q

What are the general treatment guidelines for direct patella traumas?

A
  • ROM activities
  • Modalities (pain/ effusion) control
  • Gradual loading
32
Q

What are the treatment guidelines for soft tissue lesions?

A

• Limit painful activities in
acute phases
• Restore Biomechanics
• Taping often helpful

33
Q

Who is at risk for shoulder injuries?

A

Overhead sports
Collision sports
Risk of falls

34
Q

What are the phases of a throw?

A 
Wind up 
Early cocking phase
Late cocking phase 
Acceleration phase
Deceleration phase
Deceleration and follow through phase
35
Q

During the late cocking phase involves stress on the ______ shoulder and force on ______ rotator cuff to control it.

A

Stress on anterior shoulder

Force on posterior cuff

36
Q

During the deceleration phase, ________ on the posterior cuff controls internal rotation

A

Traction

37
Q

During the throwing progression, when is a SLAP lesion most likely to occur?

A

Late cocking phase

PT Practice 4 (13 decks)

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