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PT Practice 4 > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

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1
Q

Which stage of cancer has not broken through the basement membrane?

A

Stage 0

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2
Q

Which stage of cancer has broken through the basement membrane but remains in one spot?

A

Stage 1

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3
Q

Which stage of cancer has spread locally?

A

Stage 2

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4
Q

Which stage of cancer has spread to regional nodes?

A

Stage 3

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5
Q

Which stage of cancer has spread to other organs?

A

Stage 4

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6
Q

Where are the 4 most common sources of cancer?

A

Skin
Reproductive/ GU
Pulmonary
GI

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7
Q

Where are the most common sites to find mets?

A 
Lymph nodes
Liver
Lung
Bone
Brain
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8
Q

True or false; it is okay to give a bone cancer patient TENS at low settings.

A

False

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9
Q

What are the warning signs of cancer?

A 
Changes in Bowel and Bladder habits
A sore that hasn’t healed in 6 weeks
Unusual healing or discharge
Thickening or lump on breast or elsewhere
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in a wart or a mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
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10
Q

What are the earliest common symptoms of cancer?

A

Pain

Fatigue

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11
Q

What are some treatments for lung cancer?

A

Deep breathing, coughing, splinting incision, and postural drainage

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12
Q

What are some things to never do with a lung cancer patient?

A

NO percussion or vibration over the tumor site if hemorrhage is present or ongoing radiation.

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13
Q

True or false; lung cancer has a high response rate to chemotherapeutics

A

False; low response rate

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14
Q

What are some treatments tot perform with a breast cancer patient?

A

Increase ROM, Decrease edema TID. Check and monitor CV status and pulmonary status.

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15
Q

Probability of lymphedema increases when __ or more nodes are removed

A

5

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16
Q

Where can pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma be found?

A

Quads
Adductors
Biceps femoris

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17
Q

Which type of skin cancer “grows down?”

A

Squamous

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18
Q

Which type of skin cancer spreads through the blood?

A

Malignant melanoma

19
Q

What kind of skin cancer grows out and stays superficial?

A

Basal

20
Q

What are thee signs of skin cancer?

A

Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter

21
Q

What are the important pieces of information to gather even ten years later?

A

Type
Medical, surgical treatment
Side effects
Prognosis

22
Q

True or false; each cycle of chemo increases a person’s fall risk

A

True

23
Q

Which class of chemo slows the growing of cancers?

A

Alkylating agents

24
Q

Which class of chemo is cell cycle specific?

A

Antimetabolites

25
Q

Which class of chemo prevents RNA synthesis?

A

Antitumor antibiotics

26
Q

Which class of chemo stops cellular division of cancer cells?

A

Plant alkaloids

27
Q

True or false; alkylating agents cause neuropathy

A

False; plant alkaloids will cause neuropathy but it may be reversible

28
Q

True or false; antitumor antibiotics are cardiotoxic

A

True

29
Q

What are the general contraindications for treating a cancer patient?

A

-Directly over tumor
-During acute treatment in application area
-Directly over implants, tissue expanders, that are in the application area
-Insensate areas, over injured nn,
dysvascular, fibrosed skin and capillary
beds in application area

30
Q

How long is acute in the context of cancer? Subacute? Chronic?

A

Acute: <6 months
Subacute: 6-18 months
Chronic: 18m- 5 years

31
Q

What are some considerations during your evaluation/POC for the use of thermal agents?

A
  • Site of initial tumor and how it was tx
  • Adjacent regions/ quadrants
  • Anywhere else in the body
32
Q

After __ years post cancer, patients are considered cured.

A

5

33
Q

True or false; Pts 5 years post cancer are always considered cured.

A

False; they need to be free of signs and symptoms

34
Q

True or false; cryotherapy is an inappropriate modality to use on someone with cancer

A

False; if there are no signs and symptoms and it is safe, it is useful throughout the duration of treatment and life following it

35
Q

True or false; heat is an appropriate modality to use on cancer patients

A

Mostly true

  • Superficial: additional contraindication over risk or recent hemorrhage. Acute injury inflammation such a irradiated skin, DVT, Impaired mental status.
  • Deep: Use only in cancer free areas.
36
Q

True or false; traction is a good modality to use on acute cancer patients.

A

False; maybe chronic if they dont have mets

37
Q

True or false; compression is a good modality to use on patients with sub acute or chronic staged cancers

A

True

38
Q

True or false; TENS is an appropriate modality to use on cancer patients in every phase

A

True

39
Q

What are 3 modifiable risk factors associated with breast cancer?

A

Alcohol
Obesity
Physical activity

40
Q

What are some ways to prevent breast cancer?

A

Diet
Exercise
Reduce alcohol
Control weight

41
Q

What are some co-morbidities associated with breast cancer?

A 
HTN
CAD
DM
COPD
Previous cancers
42
Q

What are some considerations for exercise in a patient with breast cancer ?

A
  • Need to get the arm and shoulder moving
  • Must maintain mobility even if no surgery was done and the patient is undergoing radiation
  • Use caution where drains or stitches are still in place
  • Start the day after surgery active movement
  • Elevate as necessary especially the first post op week
  • Resistance exercises can start at 4-6 weeks
43
Q

What are some appropriate exercises 1-4 weeks after a mastectomy?

A
  • Active exercises holding at end range when starting to feel a stretch 5 second hold and 5-7 reps.
  • Examples: supine wand shoulder flexion, supine pectoral stretch
  • Seated: scapula exercises with arm supported on the table, side bending
  • Standing: chest wall stretch, wall climbing
44
Q

What are some appropriate exercises 4-6 weeks after a mastectomy?

A
  • Resistance training specific to the patient’s needs

* Aerobic program

PT Practice 4 (13 decks)

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