Cancer Flashcards
Which stage of cancer has not broken through the basement membrane?
Stage 0
Which stage of cancer has broken through the basement membrane but remains in one spot?
Stage 1
Which stage of cancer has spread locally?
Stage 2
Which stage of cancer has spread to regional nodes?
Stage 3
Which stage of cancer has spread to other organs?
Stage 4
Where are the 4 most common sources of cancer?
Skin
Reproductive/ GU
Pulmonary
GI
Where are the most common sites to find mets?
Lymph nodes Liver Lung Bone Brain
True or false; it is okay to give a bone cancer patient TENS at low settings.
False
What are the warning signs of cancer?
Changes in Bowel and Bladder habits A sore that hasn’t healed in 6 weeks Unusual healing or discharge Thickening or lump on breast or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious change in a wart or a mole Nagging cough or hoarseness
What are the earliest common symptoms of cancer?
Pain
Fatigue
What are some treatments for lung cancer?
Deep breathing, coughing, splinting incision, and postural drainage
What are some things to never do with a lung cancer patient?
NO percussion or vibration over the tumor site if hemorrhage is present or ongoing radiation.
True or false; lung cancer has a high response rate to chemotherapeutics
False; low response rate
What are some treatments tot perform with a breast cancer patient?
Increase ROM, Decrease edema TID. Check and monitor CV status and pulmonary status.
Probability of lymphedema increases when __ or more nodes are removed
5
Where can pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma be found?
Quads
Adductors
Biceps femoris
Which type of skin cancer “grows down?”
Squamous
Which type of skin cancer spreads through the blood?
Malignant melanoma
What kind of skin cancer grows out and stays superficial?
Basal
What are thee signs of skin cancer?
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
What are the important pieces of information to gather even ten years later?
Type
Medical, surgical treatment
Side effects
Prognosis
True or false; each cycle of chemo increases a person’s fall risk
True
Which class of chemo slows the growing of cancers?
Alkylating agents
Which class of chemo is cell cycle specific?
Antimetabolites
Which class of chemo prevents RNA synthesis?
Antitumor antibiotics
Which class of chemo stops cellular division of cancer cells?
Plant alkaloids
True or false; alkylating agents cause neuropathy
False; plant alkaloids will cause neuropathy but it may be reversible
True or false; antitumor antibiotics are cardiotoxic
True
What are the general contraindications for treating a cancer patient?
-Directly over tumor
-During acute treatment in application area
-Directly over implants, tissue expanders, that are in the application area
-Insensate areas, over injured nn,
dysvascular, fibrosed skin and capillary
beds in application area
How long is acute in the context of cancer? Subacute? Chronic?
Acute: <6 months
Subacute: 6-18 months
Chronic: 18m- 5 years
What are some considerations during your evaluation/POC for the use of thermal agents?
- Site of initial tumor and how it was tx
- Adjacent regions/ quadrants
- Anywhere else in the body
After __ years post cancer, patients are considered cured.
5
True or false; Pts 5 years post cancer are always considered cured.
False; they need to be free of signs and symptoms
True or false; cryotherapy is an inappropriate modality to use on someone with cancer
False; if there are no signs and symptoms and it is safe, it is useful throughout the duration of treatment and life following it
True or false; heat is an appropriate modality to use on cancer patients
Mostly true
- Superficial: additional contraindication over risk or recent hemorrhage. Acute injury inflammation such a irradiated skin, DVT, Impaired mental status.
- Deep: Use only in cancer free areas.
True or false; traction is a good modality to use on acute cancer patients.
False; maybe chronic if they dont have mets
True or false; compression is a good modality to use on patients with sub acute or chronic staged cancers
True
True or false; TENS is an appropriate modality to use on cancer patients in every phase
True
What are 3 modifiable risk factors associated with breast cancer?
Alcohol
Obesity
Physical activity
What are some ways to prevent breast cancer?
Diet
Exercise
Reduce alcohol
Control weight
What are some co-morbidities associated with breast cancer?
HTN CAD DM COPD Previous cancers
What are some considerations for exercise in a patient with breast cancer ?
- Need to get the arm and shoulder moving
- Must maintain mobility even if no surgery was done and the patient is undergoing radiation
- Use caution where drains or stitches are still in place
- Start the day after surgery active movement
- Elevate as necessary especially the first post op week
- Resistance exercises can start at 4-6 weeks
What are some appropriate exercises 1-4 weeks after a mastectomy?
- Active exercises holding at end range when starting to feel a stretch 5 second hold and 5-7 reps.
- Examples: supine wand shoulder flexion, supine pectoral stretch
- Seated: scapula exercises with arm supported on the table, side bending
- Standing: chest wall stretch, wall climbing
What are some appropriate exercises 4-6 weeks after a mastectomy?
- Resistance training specific to the patient’s needs
* Aerobic program
